In patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, supplementation of spinal anesthesia with combined intrathecal and epidural MgSO(4) significantly reduces patients' post-operative analgesic requirements.

These findings show that septic shock alters microvascular muscle function and regulation. Diminished local VO2 presumably reflects maldistribution and faulty autoregulation of local blood flow.

In patients without sepsis at ICU admission IPF% increases before sepsis becomes manifest. Measuring IPF% through an easily available technology can therefore provide an early cellular marker predicting the development of sepsis.

Paresthesia-free cervical HF10 SCS may be a safe and effective therapeutic option for chronic migraineurs refractory to conventional treatments.

Medication overuse headache (MOH) is now recognized to be a major factor in many cases of both chronic and refractory chronic migraine. MOH must be addressed prior to evaluating the effectiveness of new preventative and prophylactic treatment approaches. Innovative new drugs and electrical neuromodulation are promising CM treatments. Future studies must carefully screen patients and acquire data that can lead to personalized, tailored treatment strategies.