The antibacterial activity of chemically deacetylated chitin i.e. chitosan produced from shrimp shell. The antibacterial activity was tested against gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, and gram positive (staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. To test the antibacterial activity institute of clinical laboratory standards (ICLS) approved dilution methods was used. The study was carried out by broth dilution method and used turbidity estimations to determine the growth characteristics of a bacterial culture with or without chitin or chitosan. Chitosan possess higher antibacterial activity against both types of bacteria, while chitin possess very lower activity. For staphylococcus aureus the average absorbance in every O.D value measured, staphylococcus aureus with chitin showed far higher absorbance than chitosan, indicates lower level of activity of chitin. After 32 hours of incubation s.aureus with medium absorbance was 1.15, while chitosan with s.aureus absorbance recorded 0.32, chitin with s.aureus recorded 0.733. Lower absorbance for chitosan containing E.Coli medium. At the peak point Medium and E.coli absorbance was 1.07, while chitosan with E.coli recorded 0.282 and chitin with E.coli absorbance was found 0.831. The ratio between medium E.coli and chitosan: medium and E.coli=0.26:1, and the ratio of medium S.aureus and chitosan : medium and S.aureus = 0.28:1, indicates G (+Ve) bacteria gives 0.02 times higher absorbance than G (-Ve) bacteria. The between chitin and chitosan, chitosan was found 2.2 times more active than chitin against S.aureus and 3.0 times more active than chitin against E.coli.
Chitosan is derived from exoskeleton of crustaceans (such as crabs and shrimp) and cell walls of fungi has a number of commercial and possible biomedical uses is produced commercially by deacetylation of chitin is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-Dglucosamine (acetylated unit). The structural element This study was conducted to compare the antibacterial activity of chitosan with the combination of chitosan and vancomycin against gram negative Escherichia coli and gram positive Staphylococcus aureus. Optical density (OD) value measurement technique was undertaken to measure antibacterial activity. After incubation, turbidimetric measurements of bacterial growth of sets of test tubes were taken after every 4 hours, for 48 hours and then compared. For S. aureus and chitosan the average absorbance were found as 0.448, 0.457, 0.492, 0.532, 0.582, 0.645, 0.683, 0.724, 0.751, 0.793, 0.840, and 0.896, while for S. aureus with both chitosan and vancomycin, absorbance were 0.267, 0.286, 0.321, 0.346, 0.386, 0.431, 0.467, 0.475, 0.509, 0.541, 0.565, and 0.629. Again for E. coli and chitosan the average absorbance were found as 0. 407, 0.429, 0.464, 0.506, 0.564, 0.6, 0.645, 0.703, 0.756, 0.815, 0.850, and 0.901, while E. coli with both chitosan and vancomycin, absorbance were 0. 213, 0.233, 0.322, 0.347, 0.409, 0.446, 0.475, 0.511, 0.545, 0.582, 0.628, and 0.647. Both of these revealed that chitosan and vancomycin together possess higher antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria than chitosan solitarily used. Statistical analysis of the both study also represented in Mean±3SD. Comparison of the antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus revealed that chitosan and vancomycin posses similar antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
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