Hydrocarbon liquid consists of a range of components with different physico-chemistry characterization. Sometimes there are heavy component with crude oil such as asphaltene, naphthenic and paraffinic wax components and etc. Deposition of wax in both onshore and offshore pipelines presents a costly problem in the production and transportation of oil. There are several parameters contributing to wax deposition in multiphase crude oil flow, e.g. pressure drop, flow rate, pipe internal body surface roughness, surface energy of the pipe, liquid wetting of pipe wall as well as temperature difference between fluid and surroundings [1,2]. Application of internal coating of subsea pipelines can reduce wax deposition. The aim of the present work is to experimentally study the wax deposition in Malaysian waxy crude oil, where the data set studied was gathered from several experiments. Most of the methods can be used to remove the paraffinic wax deposition after it occurs. However, insulation systems yielded in better performance as it was found to help in the prevention of heat loss and solid deposition during flow conditionsThis study utilized flow loop apparatus. This paper compared the wax deposition behaviour with temperature, roughness and flow rate within the tested pipes [Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Ethylene - TetraFluoroEthylene (ETFE), and steel as a reference material]. Moreover, the prevention of temperature loss from liquid to surrounding and corrosion control significantly affects pressure drop across the pipeline [3]. The conducted experiments concluded that ETFE had a better effect on the paraffin wax deposition control. Moreover, ETFE as a novel polymer based coating material was economically feasible to be utilized in the oil and gas downstream and upstream systems exposed to wax deposition.
Pore pressure prediction has always been a major challenge in the industry. Various attempts to predict pore pressure have been made by researchers to best describe the trend for a given region. Several methods have been published and claimed to work for many fields. This paper provides a case study for an oil field in Iran in order to check the applicability of some of the methods in this field.Eaton's, Holbrook's and Weakley's method are tried and it is found that Eaton's method provides a closer result,if not an accurate one. The details of the formation are stated to study the nature of these methods in such environment. The compaction exponent of Eaton's method is varied to see the variation in the trend for the field. The compaction exponent of 3.0 is found to work fairly well for depths up to 2600m while exponent value of 0.7 works for depth greater than 2600m. It is inferred that not all methods are applicable globally and there exists a need for further research to develop or modify these methods either qualitatively or quantitatively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.