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This study is aimed at analyzing the symbolic meanings of Kembar Mayang conducted at Desa Medan Sinembah Kecamatan Tanjung Morawa Kabupaten Deli Serdang predominantly by Javanese ethnic. Kembar Mayang in this study is concerned with the Javanese wedding ceremony. Descriptive qualitative method is applied in the study describing social phenomena occurring naturally aiming to help us to understand the world in which we live and why things are in the way they are. The main theory to support the study is the theory of Semiotic. The results show there are five forms of symbolic meanings in Kembar Mayang: Manuk-Manukan as symbol of Loyalty; Uler-Uleran of Struggle; Walang-Walangan of Persistence; Pecut-Pecutan of Optimism and Keris-Kerisan of Wisdom. The five forms of rites are compulsory in the wedding ceremony with the main objective to achieve a happy, harmonious and peaceful life for the bride and the bridegroom and this is in line with the general concept of marriage.

Apart from being an entertainment medium, literature has also an important role in exposing social problems, as basically literature is born and is intended for the community. Through the disclosure of social problems, the role of literature is increasingly developing, among others, as a medium of teaching, reference, reflection, character building and also criticism. Thus, it is clearly illustrated that literature has multifunctional roles. The message conveyed through literature can be effectively absorbed by the community owing to the entertainment factor. Through the poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard", Thomas Gray tells the story of the lives of marginal people, always having to face problems. Through descriptive qualitative research method, referring to social phenomena, supported by sociology of literature approach, the results of the study show that there are three social problems that always arise in the community, especially in the lower class one: poverty, right to get proper education and equality to obtain opportunities in the line of life. These three social problems are closely interrelated so that they become a unification undermining the lives of marginalized people.

This study is about heroism in the novel The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling. There are three points of discussion under this title: giving protection, defending rights and gratitude. Defending rights is associated with heroic deeds.

The research deals with figurative language, aimed to identify the types and interpret the ideas or messages implicitly or explicitly expressed with theoretical based proposed by Kennedy and Giola (2005) that figurative language is an expression of comparison that relies not on its literal meaning, but rather on its connotations. Figurative language is also commonly used in song lyrics and this is referred to as the object of the research, that is the song lyrics taken Evanescence’s album Anywhere but Home. This album consists of five songs:  Everybody’s Fool, Going under, Haunted, Taking over Me and Thoughtless. Qualitative content analysis as the use of replicable and valid method for making specific inferences from text to other states or properties of its source under Descriptive Qualitative Approach, pioneered by Krippendorff (2000) is applied here. The results show that Hyperbole, Repetition, Personification, Metaphor, Erotesis, Merism, referring to Kosasih’s category of figurative language are found in the song album with various meanings. (2007)