Chitosan bi-metal oxide (CBMO) is prepared by co-precipitation method to determine the degradation ability of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes using solar light irradiation. The characteristics of CBMO are studied by FTIR, UV, SEM, EDX and XRD studies. The photocatalytic degradation of studies MB and MO were carried out by varying the parameters such as pH, irradiation time, dye concentration, composite dosage. The photo catalytic study shows the maximum percentage of degradation at pH 8 for MB and 3 for MO at irradiation time of 120 min and 0.15 g of CBMO and is confirmed by UV spectral studies. Based on the equilibrium data value Langmuir isotherm is well fitted, which indicates the formation of strong monolayer and it obeys pseudo second order kinetic model. Among methylene blue and methyl orange dyes, methyl orange was highly degraded (74.05%) by the chitosan-bimetal oxide adsorbent. And also 62.05% of dyes can be removed from industrial waste water by CBMO. According to the experimental results it is clearly evident that the chitosan-bimetal oxide composite is expected to be an effective product for the remediation of dyes from waste water.
The preparation of activated carbon (AC) fromRicinus communisleaves was investigated in this paper. Orthogonal array experimental design method was used to optimize the preparation of AC using microwave assisted zinc chloride. Optimized parameters were radiation power of 100 W, radiation time of 8 min, concentration of zinc chloride of 30% by volume, and impregnation time of 24 h, respectively. The surface characteristics of the AC prepared under optimized conditions were examined by pHZPC, SEM-EDAX, XRD, and FTIR. Competitive adsorption of Ni2+ions onRicinus communisleaves by microwave assisted zinc chloride chemical activation (ZLRC) present in binary and ternary mixture was compared with the single metal solution. The effects of the presence of one metal ion on the adsorption of the other metal ion were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the uptake capacity of one metal ion was reduced by the presence of the other metal ion. The extent of adsorption capacity of the binary and ternary metal ions tested on ZLRC was low (48–69%) as compared to single metal ions. Comparisons with the biosorption of Ni2+ions by the biomass of ZLRC in the binary (48.98–68.41%-~Ni-Cu and 69.76–66.29%-~Ni-Cr) and ternary solution (67.32–57.07%-~Ni–Cu and Cr) could lead to the conclusion that biosorption of Ni2+ions was reduced by the influence of Cu2+and Cr3+ions. The equilibrium data of the adsorption was well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Competitive adsorption of malachite green (MG) in single and binary system on microwave activated epicarp of Ricinus communis (MRC) and microwave assisted zinc chloride activated epicarp of Ricinus communis (ZRC) were analyzed. The preparation of ZRC from Ricinus communis was investigated in this paper. Orthogonal array experimental design method was used to optimize the preparation of ZRC. Optimized parameters were radiation power of 100 W, radiation time of 4 min, concentration of zinc chloride of 30% by volume and impregnation time of 16 h, respectively. The MRC and ZRC were characterized by pHzpc, SEM-EDAX and FTIR analysis. The effect of the presence of one dye solution on the adsorption of the other dye solution was investigated in terms of equilibrium isotherm and adsorption yield. Experimental results indicated that the uptake capacities of one dye were reduced by the presence of the other dye. The adsorption equilibrium data fits the Langmuir model well and follows pseudo second-order kinetics for the bio-sorption process. Among MRC and ZRC, ZRC shows most adsorption ability than MRC in single and binary system.
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