Filament-wound composite pressure vessels are an important type of high-pressure container that is widely used in the commercial and aerospace industries. The pressure vessels with integrated end domes develop hoop stresses that are twice longitudinal stresses and when isotropic materials like metals are used for realizing the hardware, the material is not fully utilized in the longitudinal/meridonial direction resulting in over weight components. On the other hand FRP composite materials with their higher specific strength and moduli and tailoribility characteristics will result in reduction of weight of the structure. The determination of a proper winding angle and thickness is very important to decrease manufacturing difficulties and to increase structural efficiency. In this study, material characterization of FRP of carbon T300/Epoxy for various configurations as per ASTM standards is experimentally determined using filament winding and matched die mould technique. The mechanical and physical properties thus obtained are used in the design of the composite shell. The design of the composite shell is described in detail. Netting analysis is used for the calculation of hoop and helical thickness of the shell. A balanced symmetric ply sequence for carbon T300/epoxy is considered for the entire pressure vessel. Progressive failure analysis of composite pressure vessel with geodesic end domes is carried out. A software code SHELL Solver is developed using Classical Lamination-theory to determine matrix crack failure, burst pressure values at various positions of the shell. The results can be utilized to understand structural characteristics of filament wound pressure vessels with integrated end domes.
The effect of melting and solute dispersion on heat and mass transfer in non-Darcy fluid flow over a vertical surface has been studied numerically in the present article. The flow is assumed to be laminar and steady state. Using similarity transformations, the governing boundary layer equations are transformed into self-similar nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are then solved by using boundary value problem solver. A comparison with the numerical results made for different Ra/P e values in the absence of some particular parameters. The velocity and concentration inside the boundary layer are observed to be influenced by the parameters like Ra/P e, L, B, M. The flow heat and mass transfer coefficients are discussed through the plots.
Advanced fiber-reinforced polymers have emerged as an important class of engineering materials for load-bearing applications with all-round properties for many engineering and social applications. A designer can use the anisotropy produced by building up a laminate from plies with a properly selected fiber—resin combination and orientation to meet the performance requirements. The design procedure of nongeodesic filament-wound composite pressure vessels requires well determined available surface friction values between the applied fiber and the supporting surface. In this article, the variations in available surface friction with respect to time on a hoop substrate of cylindrical mandrels are presented. A correlation between the surface friction and the tackiness is also developed. Several experiments are conducted corresponding to different dimensions of mandrels by varying initial angles of winding. In addition, the machine-related process parameters like fiber speed, roving tension, roving dimensions, and wet versus dry (different substrates) winding are considered in this study. Experiments are conducted to determine tackiness of the material and its variation with respect to time. The results indicate that available surface friction on the hoop substrate and the tackiness varies along with the time. On the other hand, the influence of fiber speed, roving tension, and fiber material is negligible. Based on the experimental investigations, a composite pressure vessel is designed and developed. Hydraulic test is performed on the composite pressure vessel till the burst pressure.
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