<p>ABSTRAK<br />Teknologi kapas hibrida merupakan salah satu upaya untuk<br />meningkatkan produksi kapas nasional. Sampai saat ini belum tersedia<br />varietas kapas hibrida nasional untuk program pengembangan kapas<br />nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui ratio galur (A line) mandul<br />jantan dan galur pemulih kesuburan (R line) yang optimum untuk<br />menghasilkan benih hibrida kapas paling tinggi dengan cara persilangan<br />alami. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pasirian-Lumajang,<br />Jawa Timur mulai Januari sampai Desember 2011. Percobaan ini terdiri<br />dari satu pembanding T1 dengan penyerbukan manual dan 5 perbandingan<br />ratio (A line : R line) yang berbeda, yaitu T2 (3:2), T3 (4:2), T4 (5:2), T5<br />(6:2), dan T6 (7:2) dengan penyerbukan alami. Perlakuan disusun dalam<br />Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) diulang 3 kali dengan luas petak<br />masing-masing perlakuan 25 m x 5 m. Benih kapas ditanam dengan jarak<br />125 cm x 25 cm. Pupuk yang diberikan sebanyak 300 kg pupuk majemuk<br />(15 N:15 P 2 O 5 :15 K 2 O) dan 100 kg pupuk Urea/ha. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penyerbukan manual (T1) menghasilkan<br />kapas berbiji sebanyak 1023 kg/ha, nyata paling tinggi dibandingkan<br />perlakuan dengan penyerbukan alami. Terdapat korelasi positif yang<br />sangat nyata antara hasil kapas berbiji dengan jumlah populasi (r =<br />0.75967). Hasil kapas berbiji tidak berbeda pada perlakuan T2 sampai T6<br />yang bervariasi antara 377- 452 kg kapas berbiji/ha, dengan efisiensi<br />penyerbukan alami sebesar 37–45%. Untuk produksi benih hibrida dengan<br />persilangan alami dapat digunakan ratio 7 baris tetua betina dan 2 baris<br />tetua jantan (perlakuan T6). Harga benih hibrida kapas yang dihasilkan<br />dengan cara penyerbukan alami sebesar Rp. 98.571,-/kg sedangkan dengan<br />cara penyerbukan manual sebesar Rp. 101.826,-/kg.<br />Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum, mandul jantan, pemulih kesuburan,<br />penyerbukan manual, penyerbukan alami</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Hybrid cotton technology is an attempt to increase the national<br />cotton production. Hybrid cotton varieties is not yet available for the<br />national cotton development program. This study was aimed at<br />determining optimum ratio of male sterile lines (A line) and restorers (R<br />line) lines for producing high hybrid cotton seed yield. The experiment<br />was conducted in the Experimental Garden Pasirian-Lumajang, East Java<br />from January to December 2011. This experiment consisted of T1 with<br />manual pollination (control), and 5 different ratios (A line : R line) with<br />natural pollination namely T2 (3:2), T3 (4:2), T4 (5:2 ), T5 (6:2) and T6<br />(7:2). Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with<br />3 replications, plot size was 25 m x 5 m of each. Seeds were sown with<br />a distance of 125 cm x 25 cm. Fertilizers given were 300 kg of compound<br />fertilizer (15 N: 15 P 2 O 5 : 15 K 2 O) and 100 kg Urea /ha. From this research<br />it was found out that the T1 treatment by manual pollination produced as<br />much 1023 kg seed cotton yield / ha, was the highest compared to natural<br />pollination treatments. There was high correlation between seed cotton<br />yield and plant population (r = 0.75967). Seed cotton yield of T2 to T6<br />treatments was not significantly different, which varies between 377-452<br />kg/ha, with natural pollination efficiency of 37-45%. Therefore, for cotton<br />hybrid seed production based male sterility by natural crossing, 7 rows of<br />female lines and 2 rows of male lines ratio (treatment T6) can be used.<br />Price of cotton hybrid seed by natural pollination as much as Rp. 98,571, -<br />/kg while by manual pollination as much as Rp. 101, 826, - /kg.<br />Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, male sterile, restorer, manual pollination,<br />natural pollination</p>
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