In order to study the plasma hormonal and metabolic changes in Zebu (Sahiwal) cattle during summer and winter season, five each of periparturient high and low yielding cows were selected from Livestock Research Centre, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal. Blood samples were collected on days -45, -30, -15 (prior to parturition), 0 (day of parturition) and 15, 30, 45 (postpartum) during both the seasons and plasma was separated. Plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher on day of parturition and during postpartum period in both the groups during both the seasons. Plasma insulin levels were significantly (P<0.05) lower during summer in high yielder group. On the day of calving, plasma T 3 and T 4 levels were significantly (P<0.05) lower in high yielders during both seasons. Plasma leptin levels were lower (P<0.05) on day of parturition in high yielders than low yielders during both seasons. Plasma glucose levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) on day of parturition and remained low during postpartum period in both groups during both seasons comparel to prepartum period. Plasma NEFA levels of both groups of cows were higher on the day of calving and remained higher during postpartum period over pre calving values. High yielder cows showed more deviation in stress markers viz. cortisol and NEFA than low yielder cows. Therefore, special attention should be given to feeding and management of the lactating animals (especially high yielding cows during summer) around parturition for sustained productivity and maintenance of homeostasis.
In present study, caprine Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) were isolated and characterized by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Total 12 hybrid graphene oxide nanocomposites (hGO NCs) such as N2 doped GO-HA NCs, P doped GO-HA NCs, S doped GO-HA NCs, N2 doped GO-SiO2 NCs, P doped GO-SiO2 NCs, S doped GO-SiO2 NCs, N2 doped GO-TiO2 NCs, P doped GO-TiO2 NCs, S doped GO-TiO2 NCs, N2 doped GO-Au NCs, P doped GO-Au NCs and S doped GO-Au NCs were incorporated at doses 100, 50, 25 , 10 and 0 µg/ml in vitrification solution. Caprine WJ-MSCs were cryopreserved by using open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification method and analysed hGO NCs effect on their post thaw viability and culture characteristics. Caprine WJ-MSCs were exhibited normal fibroblastoid morphology and differentiated in to osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. The significant (P<0.01) highest and lowest caprine WJ-MSCs post thaw viability (cumulatively) was observed in P-GO-TiO2 NC and P-GO-HA NC groups, respectively along with all doses (cumulatively) significantly (P<0.01) decreased post thaw cell viability as compared with control. All hGO NCs were significantly (P<0.01) decreased caprine WJ-MSCs post thaw viability at doses 100 and 50 µg/ml as compared to 25, 10 and 0 µg/ml doses. Post thaw caprine WJ-MSCs were grew in normal pattern with similar fibroblast like morphology on days 14. In conclusion, all hGO NCs at doses 50 and 100 µl/ml are cytotoxic and P-GO-TiO2 NC is least decrease caprine WJ-MSCs post thaw viability.
Ten each of pregnant Sahiwal and Karan Fries cows were selected from Livestock Research center, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal (Haryana) during summer and winter season separately. These animals were further divided equally (5 each) into two groups i.e. high and low producing. All the animals were maintained under existing feeding and management system followed at the farm. To quantify the effects of thermal and metabolic stress on liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and Lactate dehydrogenase), blood samples were collected from periparturient high and low producing Sahiwal and Karan Fries cows on days -45, -30, -15 (before calving), and 15, 30, and 45 (After calving) with respect to day of parturition (0) . The results showed that the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the blood plasma of high and low yielding Sahiwal cows decreased by 5.6 and 7.6% and in Karan Fries the decline was 10.8 and 4.7% on the day of calving from the pre calving values (45 days) respectively during the summer season. During winter season the ALP activity in blood plasma of high and low yielding Sahiwal cows decreased by 19.7 and 12.8% on 30 th and 15 th day of calving, where as in Karan Fries cows the activity decreased by13.9 and 9.75% on 15 th day of postpartum and on the day of calving from the pre-calving values (45 days) respectively. The magnitude of increase in Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was higher on 15 th day postpartum compared to pre and post calving period in high and low yielding groups of both the breeds. The plasma activity of LDH in high and low yielding Sahiwal cows increased by 17.7 and 12.6% on the day of calving from the pre-calving values (45days) respectively during the summer season. During the winter season, the plasma LDH activity in high and low yielding Sahiwal cows increased by 43.7 and 48% respectively on the 15 th day of calving from the pre calving values (45 days). The results showed the significantly higher activity of both the enzymes (ALP and LDH) in Karan Fries cows, higher yielders and during summer compared to Sahiwal, low yielders and winter season, respectively, indicated that higher yielding cows (specially Karan Fries) showed be protected from heat stress for sustain milk production.
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