Tow field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Water Studies and Research Complex (WSRC) Station, National Water Research Center, in Abu Simbel, Toshka Region, Egypt during two winter seasons 2015-16 and 2016-17. The main objectives were to study the effect of different irrigation levels [A 1 =100% of crop water requirements (ET crop), A 2 =80% ET C and A 3 =60% ET C ], three rates of nano-fertilizer (lithovit) (B 1 =0, B 2 = 200 and B 3 =400ppm), three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (C 1 =60, C 2 =80 and C 3 =100 kg N fed-1) and their interactions on yield and its component, water use efficiency (WUE), fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) and quality of durum wheat plants. The experimental design was a strip-split plot with three replications. The tested agronomic traits were: plant height, No. of tillers m-2 , spike length, No. of grains spike-1 , 1000-grain weight, grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation use efficiency (IWUE), fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) as well as protein and ash content, hectoliter weight and Hegberg falling number. The results indicated that the irrigation levels, nano-fertilizer concentrations and N-levels had significant effects on most yield component, water parameters, fertilizer use efficiency and quality of wheat plants in both seasons. Increasing irrigation levels from 60% to 100% increased all agronomic traits and FUE, but WUE, IWUE and falling number were decreased. The treatment of 400 ppm nano-fertilizer produced high values of all yield parameters, water relation, FUE except falling number. Increasing N-levels from 60 to 100 kg N fed-1 increased all studied traits, but FUE and falling number were deceased. The maximum grain yield (2192.4 and 2251.6), (2026.8 and 2075.7) and (1904.3 and 1964.3 kg fed-1) were produced when 100% of irrigation water, 400ppm of lithovit and 100 kg N fed-1 were applied in the two seasons, respectively. Based on the obtained results, it could be concluded that highest irrigation level of 100%, nano-fertilizer concentration of 400 ppm in combination with Nlevel of 100 kg fed-1 is suitable for Toshka climatic conditions to increase the grain yield and quality of wheat (Triticum durum L.).
In order to water deficit has become the major limiting factor on the productivity and sustainability of agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. It could be achieved through two field experiment were carried out during 2016-17 and 2017-18 seasons at the agricultural experimental station farm of Water Studies & Research Complex (WSRC), National Water Research Center, located in Toshka at Abu-Simbel Region, to investigate out the impact of irrigation water regimes (Ir 1 =60, Ir 2 =80 and Ir 3 =100 % of ETc, which were applied using a sprinkler irrigation system) with the foliar applications of indole acetic acid (IAA) application (In 1 =0, In 2 =50 and In 3 =75 ppm) and kinetin (Kn 1 =0, Kn 2 =20 and Kn 3 =40 ppm) on growth, seed yield and quality of faba bean plants (Nubaria 1) as well as the water crop productivity (WCP). The experiment was laid out in strip-split plot design with 3 replications.The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Increasing the applied amount of irrigation water from 1458 (Ir 1) to 2430 m 3 fed-1 (Ir 3) gave the highest values of all growth characters, except plant height in average values of both seasons. Nevertheless, the application of 100 % ETc (Ir 3) resulted in increases in the values of yield and its attributes as well as P and K contents of seeds. The highest values of (WUE), (WCP) and seed quality (protein content) occurred with 60 % ETc (Ir 1) of irrigation water level. The growth traits, yield and its attributes, as well as chemical composition of faba bean values and water parameters increased with increasing IAA and kinetin concentrations to 75 and 40 ppm, respectively. With respect to the interaction of the three studied factors, Ir 3 (100 % ETc), In 3 (75 ppm) and Kn 3 (40 ppm) gave the highest values for plant height, leaf area index, total chlorophyll and No. of branches plant-1 .Seed yield was positively significantly and correlated to the leaf area index, total chlorophyll, root length, plant fresh and dry weights, No. of branches and leaves plant-1 , No. of pods plant-1 , 100-seed weight and pod yield plant-1 whereas, the plant height was significantly negatively correlated to seed yield.Therefore, it is recommended to grow faba bean plants (Nubaria 1) with applying 2430 m 3 fed-1 of irrigation water and foliar spraying indole acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin at levels 75 and 40 ppm, respectively to obtain high seed yield and quality of faba bean.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. Toshka Depression (TD), are located to the west of Lake Nasser, in the western desert of Egypt they consist of four deep-cut basins connected by naturally and far away about 250 km south of Aswan. Alluvium Operation is estimated that on the average of 133.54 million tons enter the high dam reservoir each year. About 97 % of this amount precipitates in the reservoir and 3% is carried through Aswan High dam.
A total of 8 water samples were collected from beginning, middle and end of Belbais drain, which located at longitudes of N 30 o 10' 57.6" and E 31 o 20' 20.8" and latitudes of N 30 o 33' 39.2" and E 31 o 36' 10.3" and altitude around 11.6 m. relative to sea level, in order to assess the quality of its water and its suitability for agricultural irrigation. Samples were analysed for pH, EC and other parameters. pH was within the permissible limit. EC indicates C3 (high salinity). According to USDA (1954). The soluble sodium percent (SSP) ranged from 67.78% to 41.69%, i.e. moderate restriction in using this water. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) ranged from 6.74 to 8.44 and according to FAO (1985), water is of low sodium hazard. According to USDA (1954), water is of high salinity medium sodicity (C3S2). Permeability index values varied between 82.52 to 85.34% and based on Doneen diagram (1962), medicating class II i.e. no permeability or infiltration problems. Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) was < 1.25 mmol c L -1 , i.e. safe for irrigation.
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