An investigation was carried out to find out the effects of probiotics and phytoextracts (Korolla-bitter melon, Triphalatraditional three herbal components and Safi-commercial polyherbal products) on growth, hemato-biochemical (TEC, TLC, ESR, Hb concentration, PCV, ALT, AST, Cholesterol, Tryglyceride, HDL and LDL) and immunomodulating performance of broiler chickens. The study was performed from February to April, 2017. A total of 150, seven -days-old broiler chicks were divided into five (05) groups using 30 chicks in each group. The group A was designated as control group (without probiotics and phytoextracts), with probiotics (Exolution ® ) Group B, with phytoextract (Korolla-bitter melon) Group C, Triphalatraditional three herbal components Group D and Safi Group E. Chicks were reared for 35 days and body weight were measured on weekly basis. Broilers were sacrificed at the end of 35 days and blood samples were taken for hematological analysis. Serum samples were also taken for biochemical tests. Broilers in all treatment groups were necropsied at the end of the experiment to observe and determine the weight of the gross lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricious). Both body weight gain, hematological parameters like TEC, TLC, Hb concentration and PCV values and size of lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus, Bursa of Fabricious) were increased in birds supplemented with probiotics and phytoextracts as compared with control group. In biochemical parameters, AST and ALT values were decreased significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) in groups B, C, D, E from that of the control group. The findings of the experiment would help us to assess the use of proper feed additives as healthy growth promoter and immunomodulator in broiler chickens.
Background: Balantidium coli is an important enteric protozoan disease of livestock. This study has been undertaken to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of balantidiasis of Bhola district, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from March 2018 to February 2019. A total of 200 buffalo fecal samples were examined through direct smear method. The difference of the prevalence among different variables was evaluated by chi-square test. Results: The overall prevalence of balantidiasis was observed to be 39.0%. Prevalence of B. coli infection was relatively higher in adult buffaloes (44.44%) aged more than 5 years than young (42.65%) aged > 2- ≤ 5 years and buffalo calves (25.49%) aged ≤ 2 years. Higher prevalence of B. coli was observed in female (43.31%) than male (31.51%) buffaloes. Significantly higher prevalence of B. coli infection was observed in rainy season (52.22%) than winter season (20%). Conclusion: Preventive and therapeutic measures against balantidiasis should be undertaken in rainy season.
Tuberculosis is a severe infectious disease caused by species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. M. bovis is responsible for pulmonary disease in bovin and sometimes to tuberculous mastitis with passage of tubercle bacilli in milk.M. bovis is responsible for extra-pulmonary infections in human and also pulmonary infections by inhalation of infected droplets through direct contact with infected animals.Staff working in microbiological diagnostic and research laboratories is likely to be exposed to Infection risk with pathogens. M. species are essentially an airborne Pathogen included in Risk Group 3 according to the international classification and It is transmitted via aerosols or less frequently by accidental inoculation. The definite diagnosis of tuberculosis relies on the isolation and identification of the Mycobacterium in clinical specimens. . It was showed that 80% of all accidents were due to human error and 20% to equipments problems. even if equipments troubles were partially solved by the adoption of appropriate safety equipments in many diagnostic and research laboratories, behavioral factors may be a source of concern. There are numerous records of laboratory-acquired tuberculosis infection through aerosols or skin puncture . Biological Risk Assessment of Laboratory Activities through Species of theMycobacterium must be considered. The bacterial load of infected material (such as sputum specimens and cultures), and the viability of TB bacilli. Route of transmission of TB; the location of the laboratory; The epidemiology of the disease and the patient population served by the laboratory; the level of experience and the competence of the laboratory's technicians in addition to the health of the laboratory's workers. Biosafety Recommendations for the Contained Use for isolation of Mycobacterium species and the use of disinfection, inactivation of M. tuberculosis isolates and waste management as well as The Personnel should receive regular updates and appropriate additional training, under the supervision of the head of the laboratory are discussed.
This purpose of this study was to assess the farmers attitude towards Trichocompost use, to determine and describe the socioeconomic characteristics of the tricho-compost farmers and identify the problems being confronted towards using Trichoderma by the farmers. Data were collected from 66 randomly selected farmers from Kamarpara, Chupinagar Union, Shajahanpur Upazilla and the Vasubihar, Juanpur, Katabaria, Maria, Chalapara, Charpara, Chakpahari, Mirpara, Panai, Birkedar, Ghashuria, Mirzapur, Adamzamur, Chomorpathalia, Khidiehashra, Chowkibari, Chalkjaphu, Majbari project site of water saving project in Bogura district in Bangladesh during January to March 2020. The findings reveal that, majority of the respondents (59 percent) were middle age category and 39 percent respondent were having secondary level education. Most of the respondents were under small family category (45 percent) and majority (64 percent) of them had a small farm size and 78.8 percent of the respondents had high agricultural knowledge. A quarter of them (24 percent) were found into medium income group and 29 percent farmers received short training and two-third majority of the farmers (68 percent) had high knowledge on Trichoderma. As far as their attitude towards tricho-compost was concerned, majority of the farmers were positive towards good soil health condition, easy application, cheap production cost and more effective than traditional compost and found to have a negative attitude towards its adoption as it is untraditional compost.
The presence of microbial pathogens on human foods is a serious global Problem even in highly industrialized and developed countries. The awareness of foodborne diseases by consumers will increase, and therefore, there is a pressure to improve the safety of the food supply. Gamma ray is highly effective in inactivating microorganisms in various foods and offers a safe alternative method of food decontamination. In the present study, a total of 35 samples from T.B. infected carcasses (15 samples of offal's ((7) liver & (8) Kidney) and 15 samples from different lymph nodes((10) Hepatic & (5) Renal)) were collected from some governmental Egyptian abattoirs confirmed to be infected with Mycobacterium tubercullosis bovine type by Real Time PCR were experimental treated with 0.0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 KGy of gamma rays then, reexamined using RT-PCR for Mycobacterium tubercullosis bovine type infection. The results indicated that the reduction rate is decreased by increase the dose level of Gamma rays. At 0.0 kGy all samples still 100 % infected & 46.6% still infected at 2.5 kGy & 20 % still infected at 5 kGy and, At 7.5 % all examined samples are failed to be detected of T.B. Infected offal's. More ovever, the examined samples of T.B. Infected lymph nodes showed that at 0 kGy all samples still 100 % infected & 53.3 % still infected at 2.5 kGy & 13.3 % still infected at 5 kGy and, at 7.5 % all examined samples are free from mycobacterium infection. The effect on (Color & Odor & Texture) parameter after exposure to Gamma rays on T.B. infected samples proved that most of tested samples have slight changes in color (pale color), odor (characteristic odor of irradiation) and texture (friable) in the first 24 hours and all tested samples have been returned back into the normal parameter after 1 week. The results of the present study showed that it's advisable to use the Gamma irradiation for saving a huge amount of condemned meat due to T.B infected cattle carcasses and using it as low grade meat.
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