The rapid increase in human population reduces land productivity in urban areas. Verticulture is a way of planting in a vertical arrangement, such as for Capsicum frutescens L. This study aimed to examine the root anatomy and growth responses of C. frutescens L. due to different watering supply on verticulture technique. Fourteen days old seedlings were grown in polybags on the ground and into vertical pots made of paralon pipe. Watering supply was given for every day, once in 3 days, and once in 6 days for 35 days, at height of 0 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm and 75 cm. The decreases in root diameter, stele diameter, and xylem diameter, but increase the portion of cortex occurred in plants at 75 cm height on paralon pipe with 6 days time interval of watering supply compared to control plants grown at 0 cm height. Growth parameters showed the same trends, where plants at 75 cm height at the paralon received watering supply once in 6 days had less growth compared to control plants by decreasing in plant height, leaf number, length-width of leaves, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, while chlorophyll content and root length did not change. The optimal time interval of watering supply for growth on verticulture technique is 3 days, while the optimal height at the paralon was approximately 50 cm. The xylem was less developed in plants at higher position compared to the lower positon on the paralon pipe and this was more detected in plants with less time interval of watering supply. Decreasing plant growth occurs in conditions of water shortage and the higher position of plant on paralon.
Abstract. Rachmawati D, Maryani MM, Kusumadewi S, Rahayu F. 2019. Survival and root structure changes of rice seedlings in different cultivars under submergence condition. Biodiversitas 20: 3011-3017. Submergence affects plant growth and fitness in natural and agricultural ecosystem. Plant survival to submergence is strongly influenced by the water level and duration of submergence. The objective of this study was to determine the survivalysiological and root anatomical changes of two rice cultivars seedlings to submergence The experiment used completely randomized design with three factors, cultivar (IR-64’ and ‘Inpara 5’), depth and duration of submergence. Depth of submergence consisted of 3 levels: without, partial and complete submergence. Fourteen days old seedlings were treated for 5, 10 and 15 days of submergence. The observed parameters were seedling survival, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar and starch content, plant biomass, and root anatomical structure. The results showed that seedlings survival of ‘IR-64’ and ‘Inpara 5’ decreased by increasing depth and duration of submergence. Increasing depth of submergence decreased chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content and plant biomass. Anatomically, depth and duration of submergence showed a greater increased in root cortex thickness, aerenchyma tissue diameter and the percentage of cortex to be aerenchyma of rice ‘IR-64’ and ‘Inpara 5’. Fifteen days of complete submergence significantly decreased seedlings survival and increased the diameter of aerenchyma in both ‘IR-64’ and ‘Inpara 5’.
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