INTRODUCTIONGeneral surgeons dealing with laparoscopic herniorrhaphy should be aware of the aberrant obturator artery that crosses the superior pubic ramus and is susceptible to injuries during dissection of the Bogros space and mesh stapling onto Cooper’s ligament. The obturator artery is usually described as a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, although variations have been reported.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe present study was conducted on 98 pelvic halves of embalmed cadavers, and the origin and course of the obturator artery were traced and noted.RESULTSIn 79% of the specimens, the obturator artery was a branch of the internal iliac artery. It branched off at different levels either from the anterior division or posterior division, individually or with other named branches. In 19% of the cases, the obturator artery branched off from the external iliac artery as a separate branch or with the inferior epigastric artery. However, in the remaining 2% of the specimens, both the internal and the external iliac arteries branched to form an anastomotic structure within the pelvic cavity.CONCLUSIONThe data obtained in this study show that it is more common to find an abnormal obturator artery than was reported previously, and this observation has implications for pelvic surgeons and is of academic interest to anatomists. Surgeons dealing with direct, indirect, femoral, or obturator hernias need to be aware of these variations and their close proximity to the femoral ring.

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The modification of the well known GPSR routing protocol, with the concept of lifetime is proposed. The lifetime is calculated between the node and each of its neighbors. A lifetime timer is set to the lifetime value. This timer helps in determining the quality of link and duration of the neighbor's existence. During the next hop selection process, the node selects the neighbor which is closest to the destination with good link quality and non-zero lifetime timer value in contrast to GPSR. This results in appropriate selection of the next hop node in a highly mobile and noisy environment, thus reducing the packet loss. The simulation is conducted for two scenarios where the source and destination are travelling in same and opposite directions. The results showed that GPSR with Lifetime achieved 20% to 40% increase in the packet delivery rate and significant improvement in packet delivery ratio for different "HELLO" message intervals when compared to GPSR.

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Abstract-The major requirement of e-learning system is to provide a personalized interface with personalized contents which adapts to the learning styles of the learners. This is possible if the learning styles of the learner is known. In this paper, it is proposed to identify the learning styles of the learner, by capturing the learning behavior of the learner in the e-learning portal using Web Log Mining. The learning styles are then mapped to Felder-Silverman Learning Style Model (FSLSM) categories. Each category of the learner is provided with the contents and interface which are apt for that category. Fuzzy C Means (FCM) algorithm is used to cluster the captured learning behavioral data into FSLSM categories. The learning styles of a learner get changed over a period of time hence the system has to adapt to the changes and accordingly provide the necessary interface and contents. For this, the Gravitational Search based Back Propagation Neural Network (GSBPNN) algorithm is used to predict the learning styles of the learner in real-time. This algorithm is a modification of basic Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) algorithm which calculates the weights using Gravitation Search Algorithm (GSA). The algorithm is validated on the captured data and compared using various metrics with the basic BPNN algorithm. The result shows that the performance of GSBPNN algorithm is better than BPNN.

CONTEXT:The rate of port site complications following conventional laparoscopic surgery is about 21 per 100,000 cases. It has shown a proportional rise with increase in the size of the port site incision and trocar. Although rare, complications that occur at the port site include infection, bleeding, and port site hernia.AIMS:To determine the morbidity associated with ports at the site of their insertion in laparoscopic surgery and to identify risk factors for complications.SETTINGS AND DESIGN:Prospective descriptive study.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In the present descriptive study, a total of 570 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgeries for various ailments between August 2009 and July 2011 at our institute were observed for port site complications prospectively and the complications were reviewed.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out in the present study. The statistical software, namely, SPSS 15.0 was used for the analysis of the data.RESULTS:Of the 570 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, 17 (3%) had developed complications specifically related to the port site during a minimum follow-up of three months; port site infection (PSI) was the most frequent (n = 10, 1.8%), followed by port site bleeding (n = 4, 0.7%), omentum-related complications (n = 2; 0.35%), and port site metastasis (n = 1, 0.175%).CONCLUSIONS:Laparoscopic surgeries are associated with minimal port site complications. Complications are related to the increased number of ports. Umbilical port involvement is the commonest. Most complications are manageable with minimal morbidity, and can be further minimized with meticulous surgical technique during entry and exit.