An in‐house finite element code was used to analyse a diametrically compressed isotropic homogeneous Brazilian disc having a central inclined crack with frictional surfaces for the evaluation of its corresponding modes I and II stress intensity factor (SIF). One‐half of the disc was successfully idealized. The coefficient of friction between the crack surfaces ranged from 0 to 1 in steps of 0.1. Relative crack length ratios of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 were analysed with crack angles up to 90° in steps of 5°.
The crack angle corresponding to the transition from a mixed mode I/II to a pure mode II decreases with increasing the relative crack length ratio. An increase in the relative crack length ratio leads to an increase in the range of crack angles corresponding to a partially closed crack. The crack angle at which fully closed sliding crack surfaces commences is 30° independent of the relative crack length ratio and the friction coefficient. With the same relative crack length ratio and increasing the friction coefficient, there is a corresponding decrease in the crack angle for the maximum mode II SIF. With a decrease in the relative crack length ratio or the friction coefficient, the crack angle beyond which the crack surfaces become in a fully sticking mode decreases resulting in zero mode II SIF. Generally, mode II SIF decreases with increasing the friction coefficient between the crack surfaces. Good agreement has been generally obtained with relevant results found in the literature.
Growth of a long mode I crack under variable fatigue loading was experimentally investigated on mild steel specimens. A dynamic elastic-plastic two-dimensional finite element program, purposely developed for the simulation of cyclic crack tip deformation, was utilised to model the transient effects on crack tip advance. The model accommodated crack tip opening displacement and both crack tip and crack edge closure. Fifty one different cycle patterns were analysed to include the application of a single overload, a single underload, a single cycle having a combined overload and underload and finally loading blocks of different sequences. Correlations of experimental fatigue crack growth rates were made from knowledge of crack tip deformation behaviour, including the use of data found in the literature. Specimens of eight materials and different geometries were analysed to determine the validity of the present approach. NOMENCLATURE a = crack length I = crack tip advance Y = geometrical factor in the mathematical expression defining the SIF 6 = crack tip opening displacement A = extent of crack tip plastic zone da/dN = fatigue crack growth rate Ac, A, , , = extent of the cyclic, and the monotonic, crack tip plastic zone A6 = cyclic crack tip opening displacement Auerr = effective stress range Abbreviations BL = base load BLF, BLP = base load following, and preceding, the application of the transient cycle CTC = crack tip closure CTDP = crack tip deformation parameter CTOD = crack tip opening displacement FCG =fatigue crack growth FEA = finite element analysis PDZ = plastically deformed zone generated around the crack tip SIF =stress intensity factor
Circumferential weld specifically in thin-walled structures is a common joint type in the fabrication of structural members in aerospace, aeronautical and pressure vessel industries. This type of weld joint suffers various types of weld-induced residual stress fields (hoop and axial) and deformation patterns (axial shrinkage, radial shrinkage). These imperfections have negative effects on fabrication accuracies and result in low strength welded structures that can lead to premature failures. To precisely capture the distortions and residual stresses, computational methodology based on three-dimensional finite element model for the simulation of gas tungsten arc welding in thin-walled cylinders is presented. Butt-weld geometry with single "V" for a 300 mm outer diameter cylinder of 3 mm thick is used. The complex phenomenon of arc welding is numerically solved by sequentially coupled transient, non-linear thermo-mechanical analysis. The accuracy of both the thermal and structural models is validated through experiments for temperature distribution, residual stresses and distortion. The simulated result shows close correlation with the experimental measurements.
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