Effluents from processed bitter cassava (Manihot esculentus) tubers as bioherbicide was applied on the leaves of Beans, Broom weed, Maize, and Itch grass and investigated. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) was done both in effluent and test soil. Mineral analysis using atomic absorption spectrum (AAS), cyanide quantification in the effluent, and quantification of chlorophyll (a and b) from the leaves of test plants (Beans, Broom weed, Maize, and Itch grass) were carried out. The result from the microbial characterization of effluent, test soil, and control soil revealed the effluent had the highest microbial load. The isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Lactobacillus, and E. coli. Test soil had 16.13% Staphylococcus, 9.68% Bacillus spp, 16.13% Lactobacillus, and 6.45% E. coli. The isolated fungi were Saccharomyces, Mucor, and Aspergillus in the effluent, while Saccharomyces and Mucor were in the test soil and only Aspergillus in the control soil.The fungal count revealed a high total viable count (TVC) in the effluent (7.0×104 cfu/ml) followed by test soil (6.6×104 cfu/ml) while control soil had the least (4.5%×104 cfu/ml). Cyanide analysis of effluent revealed 1.0 mg/ml, while metal analysis revealed potassium (40.221 mg/kg), sodium (32.009 mg/kg), Manganese (0.057 mg/kg) and Copper (-0.004mg/kg).The chlorophyll(a and b) concentration expressed in µg/mlof the experimented plants (Beans, Broom weed, Maize, and Itchgrass) further revealed a significant (p≤0.05) decrease concerning the volume of effluent applied (50 ml and 25 ml).Dicotyledonous plants; beans (0.461 + 0.025 and 0.609 + 0.013chlorophyll (a) compared to a control of 7.698+ 0.100.Chlorophyll(b) on the other hand revealed 5.507 + 0.141and 11.599 + 0.282 when compared with control of 16.426 + 0.016). Broom weed (0.291 + 0.071 and 0.457 + 0.068 for chlorophyll (a) when compared to the control with 0.595 + 0.071 and 1.549+0.141 and 1.683+0.353 for chlorophyll(b) when compared to the control with 22.252 + 0.282. Other plants analyzed revealed various significant (p≤0.05) decreased levels of chlorophyll (a and b). All the results revealed this effluent may be selectively used as a potential bioherbicide especially when applied to the leaves.
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is involved in the production of mucus, sweat and digestive juices. These secreted fluids are normally thin and slippery. But in people with cystic fibrosis, a defective gene in CFTR causes the secretions to become sticky and thick. Instead of acting as a lubricant, the secretions plug up tubes, ducts and passage ways, especially in the lungs and pancreas. This mucus leads to the formation of bacterial microenvironments known as biofilms (a niche that harbors bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) that are difficult for immune cells and antibiotics to penetrate. Viscous secretions and persistent respiratory infections repeatedly damage the lung by gradually remodeling the airways, which makes infection even more difficult to eradicate. CFTR, a Cl– selective ion channel, is a prototypic member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter super family that is expressed in several organs. Understanding how these complexes regulate the intracellular trafficking and activity of CFTR provides a unique insight into the aetiology of cystic fibrosis and other diseases associated to it. Cystic fibrosis patients exhibit lung disease consistent with a failure of innate airway defense mechanisms. The link between abnormal ion transport, disease initiation and progression is not fully understood, but airway mucus dehydration seems paramount in the initiation of CF lung disease. New therapies are currently in development that target the ion transport defects in CF with the intention of rehydrating airway surfaces.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.