Relevance. An important proviso for the commercially effective cultivation of vegetable crops in different types of greenhouses is high yield, which significantly depends on modern cultivars with different characteristics and properties. When creating a new cultivar, it is necessary to present its model in accordance with the expected ecological and agrotechnical conditions of planting, the purpose of use, the level of manifestation of morphological and biochemical characteristics, which together will ensure a high yield. The goal of research – to create early ripening, high-yielding cultivars of sweet pepper with high taste assessment of fresh fruits and content of biologically valuable substances.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in 2015-2018 and 2020-2021 in the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy. The objects were 46 breeding lines of sweet pepper. An evaluation of fruits and plants morphological characteristics, yield traits, fruits biochemical composition, and tasting were carried out.Results. Valuable lines for breeding were selected with a gross yield of 5.60–6.71 kg/m2, with large fruits (150–220 g), thick pericarp (>7 mm),with a high content of biologically valuable substances and fruit quality 4.3–4.7 points. Lines with a complex of economically valuable traits including high tasting score, were transferred to the State Inspection for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties and recommended for commercial use in the Republic of Belarus under the names Altyn, Chervonets, Karat, Goretsky Krasny, Garlachyk Zhovty and Chyrvony Magnat.
When growing a greenhouse tomato, labor inputs for handling and tying of plants are high. In this regard, it is important to investigate the features of plant growth and create varieties and hybrids for intensive technologies, requiring a minimum of labor inputs for plant care and having a complex of valuable agronomic features. The purpose of the research presented in this article was the selection of tomato hybrid combinations, characterized by high values of productivity signs, low intensity of stem shoot growth and indeterminate type of growth. To achieve the main goal, we studied the growth characteristics of stem shoots and the manifestation of agronomic traits of F1 hybrids Toroza x Line 7, Line 7 x Toroza, Line 7 x Mo 516, C 9464 x Mo 516, C 9464 s Toroza, Line 19/3 x Mo 516, Line 19/3 x Toroza, Line 19/0 x Toroza, Line 19/0 x Mo 516, together with the parent samples. The peculiarities of lateral shoot development and yield signs were investigated in two variants: without breaking-out laterals and with removal of stem shoots on a weekly basis. The dynamics of laterals growth was estimated on plants of the studied samples, which were planted separately, in the course of 30 days after removing previously formed lateral shoots. The hybrids with Line 7 and indeterminate hybrid C 9464 x Mo 516 are characterized by high values of productivity traits. The superiority of indeterminate hybrids was noted in both variants of the experiment on grounds of commercial and total yield. The advantage of the variant "without removing laterals" has been established in yield background. Hybrids F1 Line 19/0 x Mo 516 and Line 19/3 x Thoroza can be recommended as valuable breeding samples, because of high productivity level, low intensity of lateral shoot growth and indeterminate type of growth.
Varieties and hybrids which are stable in yield and suitable for cultivation in various soil and climatic zones have a particular value within the conditions of industrial production. New varieties created by breeders should be characterized by the highest yield in favorable conditions, and, at the same time, by the stable yield in other conditions, i.e. be highly accommodative. The aim of the research was to assess environmental stability and plasticity parameters of tomato hybrids according to the main characteristics of yield and then to select the hybrids F1 with high productivity and stability in soil greenhouses. The calculation of adaptive ability and ecological stability indexes was carried out according to the method of A.V. Kilchevsky and L.V. Khotyleva using the ADIS program. As a result, some hybrids were identified as heavy yielding and with high general adaptive ability according to the following parameters: early fruit yield - NikolaçLine‑2, Line‑4×Line‑2, NikolaçLine 19/3, NikolaçLine-9, Line TX-144×Irishka, Line B-3-1-8×Line 19/0, Line C-9464×Line 19/0; on the basis of “commercial fruit yield” - NikolaçLine-2, TX-144×Line-2, Line TX-144×Irishka, TX140×Line-2, Line TX-140×Line 19/3, Line B-3-1-8×Line 19/0, Line C-9464×Line 19/0; by the weight of commercial fruit - NikolaçLine 19/3, Line TX-144çLine 19/3, Line B-3-1-8×Line 19/0. Greater part of yield parameters was stable for hybrids NikolaçLine-2, Line-4×Line-2, TX-140×Line-2, Line B-3-1-8×Line 19/0, Line TX-144×Irishka. Hybrids combinations Azart and Vityaz have successfully passed the test and were recommended for planting on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Thus, feasibility of ecological stability and plasticity assessment at the final stage of breeding process has been proven. It reduces possibility of errors in choosing hybrids for State testing procedures. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out within the framework of the State Program “Innovative Biotechnologies” for 2010-2012 and for the period up to 2015”, as well as the Interstate Target Program of the Eurasian Economic Community “Innovative Biotechnologies” for 2011-2015.
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