Objective: Potentially avoidable hospitalizations have been identified by experts as leading to poor health outcomes and costly care. Potentially avoidable hospitalizations are particularly common among full-benefit dual eligible beneficiaries. This paper examines potentially avoidable hospitalizations rates by setting, state, and medical condition, and the average cost of these events.Methods: This analysis identifies potentially avoidable hospitalizations using diagnosis codes identified by an expert panel. Settings of care are determined using a timeline file, which assigns an individual to a specific setting on a particular day.
Recent advances in cancer detection and treatment have resulted in an increase in the survival rate of individuals diagnosed with cancer. The increased survival rate brings new challenges for increasing the quality of life for cancer survivors. Debilitating side effects can result from the cancer itself and the cancer treatment. The negative effects lead to decreased functional (work) capacity, increased fatigue, and debilitating muscular weakness. There have been very positive benefits seen from the use of individualized prescriptive exercise intervention in alleviating these cancer treatment related symptoms. The role of exercise intervention as a complementary therapy is just emerging. Studies have shown that exercise decreases the amount of fatigue, improves functional capacity, increases immune function, and leads to improved quality of life. The effects of cancer and cancer treatments require that an exercise intervention program be well based in sound scientific principles. The exercise intervention needs to be carefully structured and controlled. All patients should be assessed and reassessed to evaluate progress. A cancer exercise specialist should closely monitor the exercise regime. Exercise should involve a whole-body approach that emphasizes all areas of fitness. Exercise therapy for cancer patients is a new and exciting area that will continue to grow as medical professionals realize the necessity for post-cancer treatment intervention to improve quality of life.
Determinants of registered long-term sickness absence; differences between a prospective and a retrospective design. Determinants of registered long-term sickness absence; differences between a prospective and a retrospective design. This study examines the differences in the determinants of registered long-term sickness absence when using prospectively or retrospectively gathered absence data. Two databases, the long-term sickness absence registration of the Dutch Workers Insurance Authority (UWV) and data from the Netherlands Working Conditions Survey (NWCS) 2005 and 2006 were both prospectively and retrospectively linked together. Using two regression analyses we examined the relations between personal characteristics, job characteristics, working conditions, health and retrospectively and prospectively gathered data on long-term sickness absence. The underlying question is whether these relations differ between prospective and retrospective analyses. Personal characteristics, job characteristics, working conditions and health appear associated with long-term sickness absence in the past as well as with long-term sickness absence in the future. Some working conditions are differently related with long-term sickness absence when using a retrospective or a prospective research design. Health appears to be more strongly related with long-term sickness absence history than with long-term sickness absence in the future. It is concluded that a prospective research design gives a more valid image of the predictors of long-term absenteeism than a retrospective design, but the differences are small.
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