The article describes the technology of hardening the working bodies of agricultural machines based on the use of the electric spark energy and vibration arc discharges or the energy of vibroplasma. (Research purpose). The research purpose is studying of the influence of vibroplasma treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of 65G steel, which is the main material of many working bodies of agricultural machinery. (Materials and methods). The studies were carried out on samples from a coulter disk of 30x30 mm with a thickness of 2 mm. The processing was carried out at VDGU-2 technological installations of electric spark alloying in accordance with the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2655420 and vibration arc hardening. Tungsten-cobalt and copper-graphite rods with diameters of 4 and 8 mm were used as electrodes. (Results and discussion). In contrast to the initial sample, the spectrum of the relatively large area of the 65G steel sample hardened by electrospark treatment showed that cobalt (4.92 percents) and tungsten (16.83 percents) are present in the treated layer in appreciable amounts. Measurements of the elemental composition of the local processing zone showed that the main components of this region are tungsten (64.20 percents) and cobalt (7.55 percent). Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, iron, manganese, calcium, silicon, aluminum, and a number of other elements are present in the surface layer of the sample with a vibratory arc treatment, but at lower concentrations in comparison with the listed elements for the sample with electric spark treatment. It has been found that the main phases are carbide and iron oxide, as well as metallic iron. After treatment with vibroplasma, there is a so-called zone of thermal influence near the treated zone. (Conclusions). The surface layer formed by processing parts by vibroplasma represents a new composite structure consisting of three layers. The hardening of the base material in the depth of the part during electrospark machining occurs at 0.5-1.0 millimeter, with vibroplasma machining it is up to 3-4 millimeter. The microhardness of the surface layer of products increased by more than three times.
The paper presents the results of studies of some physical and mechanical properties of metal samples made of 65G steel, hardened by electric spark and vibratory arc methods. Research is related to solving the problems of increasing the working resource of the working bodies of agricultural machines. The studied elemental composition, phase composition, and microstructure of the surface of the samples.
This work is carried out in relation to the conditions of Kazakhstan. Its agricultural sector is sharply expressed by the horizontal and vertical zonality of soil and vegetation. Considering that the arable lands of the republic account for 20% of the total fund of the Eurasian Economic Union, the requirements for the efficiency of tillage machines in Kazakhstan are overstated. Such working bodies of tillage machines as the ploughshare, the coulter disc and the pointed paws of the cultivator lose their working capacity several times during their seasonal operation. The hardness of abrasives in the soil, such as granite and quartz, reaches 12 GPa. Therefore, it is necessary to develop such strengthening technologies for the structure of the surface layer of the working bodies of tillage machines so that it can resist abrasive soil particles. This is possible by introducing alloying elements of carbide materials into the structure of the surface layer of the product, carburizing this layer and creating a hardened layer consisting of oxides, carbides, borides and nitrides. Traditional hardening technologies cannot solve this problem. This task can be solved only with the development of technologies based on the use of high energies. Such energy is currently possessed by the energies of electric spark and vibro-arc discharges. In Kazakhstan, in comparison with the Russian Federation, the use of technologies based on concentrated energy flows for the restoration and strengthening of the working bodies of tillage machines is practically absent. In the Russian Federation, these technologies have applications, however, the physical-mechanical and physico-chemical processes occurring under the influence of concentrated energy flows on the surface of the processed products have only been partially investigated today. There is no optimization and modeling of the process. Plasmochemical processes occurring in the plasma medium itself have not been practically studied. There are no full-fledged studies of the interaction of the plasma itself with sprayed materials and alloyed elements. This work presents the results of studi
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