Phosphorylation is an indispensable process for energy and signal transduction in biological systems. AlCl3 at 10 nM to 10 microM range activated in-vitro [gamma-32P]ATP phosphorylation of the brain (tau) tau protein in both normal human or E. coli expressed tau forms; in the presence of the kinases P34, PKP, and PKC. However, higher concentrations of ALCl3 inhibited the tau phosphorylation with P34, PKP, and PKC to a maximum at 1 mM level. AlCl3 at 100 microM to 500 microM range induced non-enzymatic phosphorylation of tau with gamma-ATP, gamma-GTP, and alpha-GTP. AlCl3 activated histone phosphorylation by P34 in a similar pattern. The hyperphosphorylation of tau by Al3+ was accompanied by molecular shift and mobility retardation in SDS-PAGE. This may demonstrate the mechanism of the longterm neurological effect of Al3+ in human brain leading to the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles related to Alzheimer's disease.
Composite of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber/styrene butadiene rubber/waste high density polyethylene (50/50/30) filled with different content of organo-montmorillonite clay 2-10 phr (parts per hundred part of rubber) were subjected to gamma irradiation at various doses up to 250 kGy. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties were investigated as a function of irradiation dose and nano clay content. Gamma irradiation led to a significant improvement in the properties for all composites. The mechanical and physical properties were improved by the incorporation of nano clay and increase of irradiation dose. Thermogravimetric analysis studies showed improvement in thermal stability.
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