Citation / Cómo citar este artículo: Gómez, D., Lorda, M., Garmendia, J., García, M.B. (2017). Distribución espacial y análisis ambiental de las plantas raras de los Pirineos. Pirineos, 172, e030. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ pirineos.2017.172005 RESUMEN: La reciente edición en línea del Atlas digital de Flora vascular de los Pirineos permite analizar algunos patrones de la distribución y las preferencias ambientales de las plantas más raras, con el fin de contribuir a la caracterización de la rareza y al diseño de estrategias de conservación de la diversidad florística en la cordillera. Entre los 363 taxones seleccionados por su escasa representación (el 10% del total de la flora) 352 se distribuyen en menos del 2% del territorio y 11 ocupan un área inferior al 4%, pero tienen menos de 30 de poblaciones en todo el territorio. La flora rara se distribuye en el 65% de los Pirineos (utilizando para esta estima una malla de cuadrículas UTM de 10 Km de lado), y las regiones con más abundancia de plantas raras coinciden con las que tienen mayor diversidad florística total. Las zonas con mayor densidad de plantas raras se sitúan en el extremo oriental (junto al Cap de Creus), el noroccidental (entre San Sebastián e Irún) y en el centro del Parc National des Pyrénées y los alrededores de Monte Perdido. La flora rara se muestra significativamente diferente del conjunto de la flora en su representación taxonómica, distribución y amplitud altitudinal, corología, formas biológicas, preferencia edáfica y hábitats, pero no en el grado de naturalidad de los hábitats.PALABRAS CLAVE: Distribución altitudinal; corología; formas biológicas; hábitats; naturalidad; rareza; Pirineos. ABSTRACT:The recent digital edition of the Atlas of Pyrenean vascular flora, allow us to analyze some patterns of geographical distribution and environmental features of the most rare plant species. The aim of our study is to contribute to the knowledge of rarity and to the planning and implementation of plant conservation at a Pyrenean scale. Among the 363 selected taxa after applying the criteria of low occupancy (10% of the whole Pyrenean flora), 352 are present in less of the 2% of the territory and 11 occupy less than 4% distributed over a scarce number of populations Copyright: © 2017 CSIC. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de una licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons Attribution (CC-by) España 3.0.
Shrub encroachment is considered one of the greatest threats in the conservation of pastures, especially in abandoned territories and territories with low stocking density. However, in the Navarra Pyrenees and Basque mountains, with a high stocking density maintained during the last decades, the expansion of argoma shrubland (Ulex gallii), shows that grazing is not enough for its control and requires evaluating measures of clearing. To evaluate the efficiency of the burning and the mechanical clearing (with two treatments: at ground level and 10 cm above ground) in the control of the shrub, these treatments were applied in different plots of encroached grasslands in two pastoral territories (Sierra de Aralar and Belate). After the burning and clearing, the evolution of the shrub was compared in the cleared plots closed to grazing and in their replicas open to it. The results showed differences between the different treatments in both territories that may be related to the initial coverage of the shrubland. In general, burning was less effective in controlling shrubland and allowed a greater resprout than mechanical clearing. No significant differences were found between the two types of mechanical clearing (at ground level and at 10 cm above ground). Finally, grazing caused a delay in the recovery of the shrub in all casesbut it was not able to eliminate the shrubs completely. From the field observations, the opinions of the farmers and the results of similar experiences, some measures for grassland management were collected and discussed to correct or complement the clearing treatments in order to increase their efficiency.
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