Dislocation dynamics simulations were used to calculate the energy barrier of cross-slip via Friedel-Escaig mechanism in face centered-cubic copper. The energy barrier in the unstressed case was found to be 1.9 eV, as reported by B. Ramírez et al. [1] . The energy barrier was reduced by applying an external stress. The most effective way of reducing it, was by applying a compressive stress on the glide plane. Furthermore, it was confirmed using dislocation dynamics simulations, that both the Schmid and Escaig stress have a comparable effect in reducing the energy barrier, in qualitative agreement with the atomistic simulations performed by K. Kang et al. [2] in face-centered cubic nickel. Most of the energy barrier values for stressed cross-slip fell within the experimental error of 1.15±0.37 eV measured by J. Bonneville et al. [3] . Moreover, the activation enthalpy obtained from K. Kang's et al. [2] line tension model of cross-slip and the general expression for the activation enthalpy proposed by A. Malka-Markovitz et al. [4] were in good quantitative agreement with the simulation results. Hence, both could be used to calculate the activation enthalpy of screw segments in dislocation dynamics simulations.
A parallel hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular statics method is presented for studying segregation of interstitial atoms in the solid state. The method is based on the efficient use of virtual atoms as placeholders to find energetically favorable sites for interstitials in a distorted environment. MC trial moves perform an exchange between a randomly chosen virtual atom with a carbon atom followed by a short energy minimization via MS to relax the lattice distortion. The proposed hybrid method is capable of modeling solute segregation in deformed crystalline metallic materials with a moderate MC efficiency. To improve sampling efficiency, the scheme is extended towards a biased MC approach, which takes into account the history of successful trial moves in the system. Parallelization of the hybrid MC/MS method is achieved by a Manager-Worker model which applies a speculative execution of trial moves, which are asynchronously executed on the cores. The technique is applied to an Fe-C system including a dislocation as a symmetry breaking perturbation in the system.
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