International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)Cortés Olmos, C.; Leiva Brondo, M.; Adalid Martinez, AM.; Cebolla Cornejo, J.; Nuez Viñals, F. (2011) AbstractDespite the increasing importance of internal quality in breeding programmes and marketing of tomato, little information is available regarding organoleptic and functional profiles of traditional varieties of renowned quality. This is the objective of this work, consisting in the evaluation of internal quality of 51 traditional tomato accessions representative of the Spanish variability. Contents of total soluble solids, oxalic, malic, citric and glutamic acids, fructose, glucose and sucrose, vitamin C and lycopene were determined, obtaining the respective organoleptic and functional profiles. These profiles will be very valuable to establish breeding objectives, as these varieties are considerably appreciated by consumers, who are willing to pay higher prices for them. A considerably high level of variability has been found in the profiles obtained and no clear groups could be identified considering fruit morphology or local name. Variability was higher in traits affecting functional quality (coefficients of variation of 51.2% for vitamin C and 74.6% for lycopene content) than those affecting organoleptic quality (coefficients of variation ranging from 18% for total soluble contents to 38.8% for glutamic acid). Additionally, several accessions could be selected for their higher individual contents for further studies of internal quality. It is the case of accessions CDP8102 and CDP3547 for their high malic content, accession CDP6315 for high fructose and glucose contents, accession CDP1523 for its lycopene content and accessions CDP2226 and CDP336 for vitamin C content. Considering previous correlations among individual contents and consumer preference accessions CDP7554, CDP2666 and CDP3547 should be further evaluated for their overall flavour quality.
Water deficit on tomato taste-related components was studied in standard and high lycopene cultivars. The treatment was applied once the fruits were set to avoid drastic effects on yield. Despite applying considerable reductions in water doses down to 50%ETc, the contents of fructose, malic and citric acid remained unaffected. Only glucose concentration increased with lower irrigation doses in one of the locations used for the study. The variety effect has a major impact in taste-related components, which might be shaded by location effects. Deficit irrigation during the last part of the growing cycle may contribute to a better water management while offering little or positive effects on the taste profile of processing tomato varieties.
The effect of conventional and organic cultivation on the sugar and acid profile of processing varieties with different lycopene accumulation has been studied in Navarra and Extremadura, the two main growing regions in Spain. High differences in the acid profile (malic vs. citric) and in the sugar accumulation of the varieties were found. In some cases, the higher values in the content of taste-related compounds coincide with previously described high lycopene contents. The cultivation system had no significant effect on malic and citric acid accumulation, but it affected sugar accumulation and the sucro equivalents (SEq) to citric and glutamic acid ratios. An average, 7.7% and 10.4% higher contents of glucose and fructose respectively were obtained with the organic cultivation system. The SEq to citric acid and SEq to glutamic acid ratios were consequently higher with this system (8.3% and 46.3% respectively). Organic cultivation of high lycopene cultivars might be an excellent selection to combine high organoleptic and functional quality targeted to quality markets.
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