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Introduction: The upper gastrointestinal tract (UGT) disorders are more common complaints in clinical practice and have got high degree of mortality and morbidity. Many different types of lesions can affect the upper gastrointestinal tract and can be classified as congenital anomalies, infections, inflammation and neoplastic lesions. Material and Methods: A total of 152 cases of upper gastrointestinal tract biopsies are included in this study, out of which 113 cases were gastric biopsies, 22 cases were esophageal biopsies and the remaining 17 cases were duodenal biopsies. Present study was carried out in the Department of Pathology at Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry for a period of one year between March 2018 and February 2019. All the biopsies were performed using fiberoptic endoscopy. Endoscopic biopsy in combination with histopathological examination plays an important role in the early diagnosis of determining UGT lesions. Also, special stains like Giemsa, Warthin starry stain was used to demonstrate Helicobacter pylori. Aim of the study is to evaluate the histomorphological patterns of upper gastrointestinal tract disorders on endoscopic biopsy and to correlate various upper gastrointestinal tract disorders in correspondence to clinical parameters. Results: It is reported among 152 cases of UGT biopsies 137 were non-neoplastic lesions and 15 were neoplastic. Commonly affected age group was 31-40 years followed by 41 to 50 years. As per the present study, males were affected more predominantly than females. Out of the 22 cases from esophageal biopsies, 16 cases showed non-neoplastic lesions and 6 were neoplastic. The most common non-neoplastic lesion was chronic nonspecific esophagitis and neoplastic lesion reported was squamous cell carcinoma. Among 113 gastric biopsies, 104 cases were non-neoplastic lesions and 9 were neoplastic lesions. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant neoplastic lesion of stomach. All the 17 duodenal biopsies showed non-neoplastic lesions.

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BACKGROUND Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign chronic inflammatory disease of the breast, which is often difficult to differentiate both clinically and radiologically from infectious aetiologies such as tuberculosis, fungal infections, and also from malignancy, thus posing a diagnostic dilemma. Histopathology is essential to solve the dilemma and make a definitive diagnosis. The aim of this study is analysis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and its mimics. METHODS This study was done at Osmania Medical College, over a period of 3 years from 2016 to 2019. 30 cases were analysed. Clinicopathological data like pertinent history, clinical and radiological features, and cytological results, was collected from the medical records. All slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS A total of 30 cases was studied. The study group included women who were 25 to 45 years old; left breast was most commonly involved. The most common presenting symptom was lump 98 % (n=29) in breast. Mammography revealed skin thickening, parenchymal heterogeneity, irregular mass and focal asymmetric density. Ultrasonography shows ill-defined hypoechoic lesions. On histology, 27 cases (90%) were diagnosed as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and 3 cases (10%) were diagnosed as tuberculosis granulomatous mastitis. CONCLUSIONS Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a benign entity which has varied and nonspecific appearances on ultrasound and mammography and often mimics malignancy and various benign inflammatory conditions of breast. Histopathological examination is necessary to establish diagnosis before deciding upon treatment and also to prevent unnecessary mastectomy.

Background: Salivary gland neoplasms are rare. In recent days its incidence is gradually increasing worldwide. Hence, it is essential to diagnose the type and grade these neoplasms for early management. Though histopathological diagnosis is the gold standard for the investigation of various salivary gland neoplasms. Immunohistochemical evaluation plays a vital role in the diagnosis of such neoplasms. Objective: The present study is done to assess the pattern of expression of various Immunohistochemical markers (IHC) and to evaluate its diagnostic significance over histopathological diagnosis in various salivary gland neoplasms. Materials and Methods: A total number of 57 cases of salivary gland neoplasm were studied for a period of five years between August 2012 and July 2017. All the biopsy and excised specimen sections were initially examined under routine haematoxylin-eosin stain (H&E). Later immunohistochemical markers were performed, a panel of antibodies such as P63 and HER2/ neu were performed on the sections. Result: The pattern of expression and significance of each marker, P63 and HER2/ neu, were studied on various salivary gland neoplasms. Reports were compared with the results of conventional histopathology. It was fund that more specific results were obtained in many cases of neoplasm. Conclusions: We found that P63, which is a nuclear marker is positive in tumours like pleomorphic adenoma, myoepithelioma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma. HER2/neu shows diffuse and strong membranous staining in salivary duct carcinoma.

A major risk factor for Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is advanced age, with a majority of cases reported in the West being above 60 years of age. However, a significantly high proportion of CRC patients from India belong to a younger age group (less than 50 years) and a majority of them have no family history of cancer. A deregulated Wnt signaling pathway is the hallmark of CRC in the West and has been indicted in 70-80% of older patients. Another significant genetic aberration is Microsatellite Instability (MSI), which may contribute to 15-20% of the cases. In addition, the simultaneous occurrence of Wnt activation and p53 inactivation has been substantiated in a significantly high proportion (about 70%) of CRC cases. Sporadic CRC occurring in the young however has not been subjected to detailed analysis so far. In order to identify important deregulated pathways that drive tumor progression in young patients we have initiated a multipronged comparative study on CRC occurring in the young and older patients from India. Our results have revealed several unique features among Indian CRC patients. Firstly, Wnt activation and p53 inactivation appeared to co-exist in a significantly less proportion of samples (34%), indicating existence of alternate pathway(s) of tumor initiation. Secondly, a significantly low proportion (35%) of young patients appeared to harbor a deregulated Wnt signaling pathway, when compared to older patients (64%). Thirdly, we did not find a significant difference in other variables between the two patient age groups including gender, grade, MSI status, etc. Using array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) and genome-wide transcript profiling, we identified several copy number alterations (CNA) that may harbor genes important for tumor progression in young patients. A novel amplification located at 17q11.2-21.1 was identified which included genes involved in the MAP kinase pathway. The present study is expected to yield invaluable insights into the molecular basis for sporadic CRC in the young. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2151.