IntroductionPatients with influenza A (H1N1)v infection have developed rapidly progressive lower respiratory tract disease resulting in respiratory failure. We describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the first 32 persons reported to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to influenza A (H1N1)v infection in Spain.MethodsWe used medical chart reviews to collect data on ICU adult patients reported in a standardized form. Influenza A (H1N1)v infection was confirmed in specimens using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT PCR) assay.ResultsIllness onset of the 32 patients occurred between 23 June and 31 July, 2009. The median age was 36 years (IQR = 31 - 52). Ten (31.2%) were obese, 2 (6.3%) pregnant and 16 (50%) had pre-existing medical complications. Twenty-nine (90.6%) had primary viral pneumonitis, 2 (6.3%) exacerbation of structural respiratory disease and 1 (3.1%) secondary bacterial pneumonia. Twenty-four patients (75.0%) developed multiorgan dysfunction, 7 (21.9%) received renal replacement techniques and 24 (75.0%) required mechanical ventilation. Six patients died within 28 days, with two additional late deaths. Oseltamivir administration delay ranged from 2 to 8 days after illness onset, 31.2% received high-dose (300 mg/day), and treatment duration ranged from 5 to 10 days (mean 8.0 ± 3.3).ConclusionsOver a 5-week period, influenza A (H1N1)v infection led to ICU admission in 32 adult patients, with frequently observed severe hypoxemia and a relatively high case-fatality rate. Clinicians should be aware of pulmonary complications of influenza A (H1N1)v infection, particularly in pregnant and young obese but previously healthy persons.

PCT has a high negative predictive value (94%) and lower PCT levels seems to be a good tool for excluding coinfection, particularly for patients without shock.

Our findings suggest that early oseltamivir administration was associated with favourable outcomes among critically ill ventilated patients with 2009 H1N1 virus infection.

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Resumen La hipotermia accidental es una patología ambiental con unos principios básicos de clasificación y reanimación que sirven tanto para el medio montañoso, marítimo o urbano. Esta patología ha formado parte, junto a la acidosis y la coagulopatía, de la famosa «tríada letal» de las víctimas traumáticas en situación crítica. En su manejo y asistencia está implicada toda una cadena asistencial que se extiende desde la medicina de urgencia prehospitalaria hasta la medicina intensiva, llegando incluso hasta la cirugía cardiaca y/o a los programas de circulación extracorpórea.Una buena clasificación prehospitalaria del grado de hipotermia facilitará su manejo inicial y evitará traslados interhospitalarios o secundarios innecesarios. Lo fundamental es trasladar, con la mayor urgencia posible, a las víctimas hipotérmicas en asistolia o fibrilación ventricular hasta aquellos hospitales que tengan la capacidad tecnológica adecuada para el tratamiento de estas especiales situaciones clínicas.Este artículo, trata de sentar las bases que faciliten un manejo adecuado de la hipotermia accidental desde la primera asistencia prehospitalaria hasta tratamiento final hospitalario, incluyendo la reanimación y el recalentamiento con circulación extracorpórea. © 2011 Elsevier España, S.L. y SEMICYUC. Todos los derechos reservados. KEYWORDSAccidental hypothermia; Classification of hypothermia; Cardiac arrest; Management of severe accidental hypothermiaAbstract Accidental hypothermia is an environmental condition with basic principles of classification and resuscitation that apply to mountain, sea or urban scenarios. Along with coagulopathy and acidosis, hypothermia belongs to the lethal triad of trauma victims requiring critical care. A customized healthcare chain is involved in its management, extending * Autor para correspondencia. Correo electrónico: mlavellanas@ono.com (M.L. Avellanas). 0210-5691/$ -see front matter