Twenty-four yearling beef steers (initial BW = 467 ± 3.6 kg), predominately of Angus breeding, were used in a randomized complete block design to determine the effect of dietary intake on pancreatic cellularity, mass, and α-amylase and trypsin activity. Steers were individually fed a high-moisture corn-based diet at 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, and 2.00% of BW (DM basis) using Calan gates. After 28 d on treatment, the heaviest steer from each dietary treatment was slaughtered per wk and pancreata collected. Average daily gain (kg) and pancreatic weight (g) increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) with increasing DM intake. Pancreatic DNA and RNA concentration and content, and RNA:DNA and protein:DNA did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. This suggests that the observed increase in tissue weight was due to increases in both cell size and number. Total pancreatic α-amylase activity (kU pancreas-1) increased linearly (P = 0.04) with increasing DM intake. These data indicate that total pancreatic α-amylase activity (kU pancreas-1) linearly increases with increasing intake of a high-moisture corn-based finishing diet and that dietary intake-dependent changes in total pancreatic α-amylase activity are primarily due to changes in pancreatic weight rather than changes in the concentration of pancreatic α-amylase activity (U g-1 pancreas). Key words: Beef cattle, pancreas, α-amylase, trypsin, feed intake
Abstract.Children in poor environmental conditions are exposed early and often to enteric pathogens, but within developing countries, heterogeneity in enteropathogen exposure in different settings and communities is rarely addressed. We tested fecal samples from healthy infants and children from two different environments in the same Indian town for gut enteropathogens and biomarkers of gut inflammation. A significantly higher proportion of infants and children from a poor semi-urban neighborhood (93%) had one or more enteropathogens than those from a medical college campus (71.7%). Infants and children from the poor neighborhood had an average of 3.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.9–3.7) enteropathogens compared with an average of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0–1.7) enteropathogens in campus infants/children. Viral and bacterial infections, including enteroviruses, adenoviruses, Campylobacter spp., and diarrhegenic Escherichia coli were more common and fecal biomarkers of inflammation were higher in the poor neighborhood. The findings demonstrate significant difference in the asymptomatic carriage of gut enteropathogens and gut inflammatory biomarkers in infants and children from two different environments within the same town in south India.
. 2007. Corn or soybean hull incorporation into haylage-based backgrounding beef cattle diets: Effect on growth and efficiency during the backgrounding and finishing periods. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 615-621. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of corn or soybean hull incorporation into haylage-based diets on backgrounding calf performance and subsequent feedlot performance. Crossbred steers [n = 48, initial body weight (BW) = 303 ± 3.4 kg] were individually fed dietary treatments consisting of: (1) haylage [17.5% crude protein, dry matter (DM) basis; control], (2) haylage + 20% (DM basis) cracked corn, and (3) haylage + 20% (DM basis) soybean hulls during a 112-d backgrounding period. After the backgrounding period, all steers were adapted to a common high moisture corn-based finishing diet and fed until an ultrasound estimated backfat thickness of 7 mm was obtained. During the backgrounding period, steers fed cracked corn or soybean hulls had greater (P < 0.01) average daily gain, dry matter intake and gain:feed and lower (P = 0.05) plasma urea N as compared with controls. However, when finished on a common high-concentrate diet, steers previously fed cracked corn had greater (P < 0.08) average daily gain, final body weight, and longissimus muscle area than those fed soybean hulls, suggesting that source of supplemental energy during the backgrounding period may influence subsequent feedlot performance. Anim. Sci. 87: 615-621. L'expérience devait préciser les conséquences de l'incorporation de maïs ou de pellicules de soja à la ration à base d'ensilage mi-fané sur la performance des veaux de semi-finition et sur leur rendement ultérieur en parc d'engraissement. Des bouvillons hybrides (n = 48, poids corporel initial = 303 ± 3,4 kg) ont chacun reçu une ration consistant en 1) ensilage mi-fané (17,5 % de protéines brutes, selon la matière sèche; témoin), 2) ensilage mi-fané plus 20 % (matière sèche) de maïs concassé et 3) ensilage mi-fané plus 20 % (matière sèche) de pellicules de soja lors d'une période de semi-finition de 112 jours. Ensuite, les auteurs ont habitué les bouvillons à une ration de finition très humide à base de maïs jusqu'à ce que la couche de gras dorsal atteigne 7 mm d'épaisseur, selon la sonde aux ultrasons. Pendant la période de semi-finition, les animaux nourris au maïs concassé ou aux pellicules de soja ont enregistré de meilleurs résultats (P < 0,01) pour le gain quotidien moyen, l'absorption de la matière sèche et le ratio gain:aliment, mais les résultats étaient inférieurs (P = 0,05) à ceux des témoins pour la concentration de N uréique dans le sang. Quoi qu'il en soit, quand ils reçoivent la même ration de finition, riche en concentré, les bouvillons antérieurement nourris de maïs concassé se caractérisent par un gain quotidien moyen, un poids final et une superficie du longissimus supérieurs (P < 0,08) à ceux des bouvillons engraissés avec des pellicules de soja, signe que la source d'énergie supplémentaire durant la période de semi-finition pourrait influer sur le ren...
AimDNA double-strand break (DSB) results in the phosphorylation of the protein, H.2AX histone. In this study, the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on DNA DSB in cervical cancer cells is analysed by the phosphorylation of the protein.MethodsThe cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells) were cultured and exposed to ionising radiation. Radiation sensitivity was measured by clonogenic survival fraction after exposing to ionising radiation. Since the phosphorylation of H.2AX declines with time, the DNA damage was quantified at different time points: 1 hour, 3 hours and 1 week after exposed to the radiation. The analysis of γ-H.2AX was done by Western-blot technique. The protein expression was observed at different dose of radiation and combination of both radiation and paclitaxel.ResultsLow-dose hypersensitivity was observed. By 1 week after radiation at 0·5, 0·8 and 2 Gy, there was no expression of phosphorylated H.2AX. Previous experiments on the expression of phosphorylated H.2AX (γ-H.2AX) in terms of foci analysis was found to peak at 1 hour and subsequently decline with time. In cells treated with the DNA damaging agents, the expression of phosphorylated H.2AX decreases in a dose-dependent manner when treated with radiation alone. However, when combined with paclitaxel, at 0·5 Gy, the expression peaked and reduces at 0·8 Gy and slightly elevated at 2 Gy.FindingsIn this study, the peak phosphorylation was observed at 3 hour post irradiation indicating that DSBs are still left unrepaired.
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