In this paper, a real-time predictive control strategy is developed to control the energy consumption of hybrid electric vehicles with lower sensitivity to prediction accuracy. A predictive Best-Mode concept is introduced based on the future speed predictions, by which the trend of battery state of charge is estimated. The estimated battery state of charge is used to better management of the battery charge mode. The optimum work zones of the components are then selected according to the best battery charging mode and the vehicle speed and power demand. This controller is less sensitive to the prediction accuracy and enables the system to work at the near-optimal points. The results show that the predictive Best-Mode controller is capable of minimizing the energy consumption in real-time applications, very close to the results of the offline dynamic programming with a 2% error margin. The predictive Best-Mode strategy's performance is better than the finite-horizon dynamic programming, except for accurate prediction with a longer than 20-sec prediction horizon.
Noise emission from vehicles in urban transportation has become of interest for researchers in addition to the engine exhaust gas emissions due to its significant effect on public health. In this work, an optimal energy management strategy is proposed for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) by taking the effect of engine noise into account. The engine noise is calculated based on a pressure-based combustion noise model at different operating points of a 1.5 L gasoline engine. The optimal operating points of the engine are defined using the calculated engine noise from in-cylinder pressure data and experimental data of brake specific fuel consumption (FC). A modification on the electric assist control strategy is proposed to mask the engine noise below the road noise. The modified strategy is then optimized for different driving cycles. Comparison of the results demonstrates that the proposed modification not only masks the engine noise below the road noise, but also reduces the vehicle FC.
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