The inhibitory effects of essential oils extracted from 10 Indian plants were evaluated against five fungi. The plants used for extraction of essential oils were six species of the genus Eucalyptus and Ocimum basilicum, Prosopis cineraria and Derris indica. The fungi used in the experiments were Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F. pallidoroseum, F. acuminatum and F. chlamydosporum. The susceptibility of the Fusarium species was tested by the paper disc method and the serial dilution technique. The results were compared with the inhibitory effects of miconazole on the fungi. The essential oils extracted from the Eucalyptus species markedly inhibited fungal growth. Prosopis cineraria did not show inhibiting properties. Among the fungi, F. oxysporum proved to be the most resistant species.
A new species of Fusarium causing wilt on brinjal was identified as F.oxysporum f.sp. melongenae on the basis of morphological, cultural, physiological and nutritional studies. The fungus produces hyaline, septate, cottony white to pink mycelium. The macroconidia were oval, hyaline, mostly non- septate or with a single septa. The pathogen produces abundent pale brown chlamydospores either singly or in chains. Richard's agar as well as potato dextrose agar medium was the basal medium for growth and sporulation of the fungus. It utilises glucose, sucrose, lactose. xylose, sorbital and dextrin as a carbon sources while potassium and ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen sources. The optimum temperature and pH for the growth of fungus was 28 ± 1°C and 5.7 resepctively whereas the thermal death point for the fungus was 59 to 60°C.
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