Aims:  To develop a real‐time PCR method for rapid differential identification of many clinically important mycobacteria to the species level. Methods and Results:  Eighteen Mycobacterium species that are considered clinically important were targeted for the identification. One primer pair and 21 pairs of hybridization probes (HybProbes) specific for the genus, species or complex were designed based on the rpoB gene sequences of mycobacteria. Twenty‐five different Mycobacterium reference species were tested. In a single round of real‐time PCR, all the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species tested were identified at the genus level and 16 of the 18 targeted species were differentially identified to the species or complex level during the amplification cycles; subsequent melting curve analysis allowed the specific identification of all the target species at the species or complex level without cross‐reactivity with the other species. Conclusions:  The developed real‐time PCR assay rapidly identifies the NTM at the genus level and 18 clinically important Mycobacterium species at the species or complex level. Significance and Impact of the Study:  This real‐time PCR assay provides a useful tool for the rapid differentiation of most clinically important Mycobacterium species.

Our data indicate that the normal range of absolute neutrophil counts should be adjusted and cutoff values for neutropenia should be re-established according to sex and race. NLR and PLR cutoff values for disease evaluation should be established separately according to race and age.