[2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012] that has potential usage in defence and scientific applications. These WSNs can be used for different purposes such as target tracking, intrusion detection, wildlife habitat monitoring, climate control and disaster management [1]. A typical node in the WSN consists of a sensor, embedded processor, moderate amount of memory and transmitter/receiver circuitry. These sensor nodes are normally battery powered and they coordinate among them selves to perform a common task. These Wireless Sensor Networks have severe resource constrains and energy conservation is very essential. The sensor node's radio in the WSNs consumes a significant amount of energy. Substantial research has been done on the design of low power electronic devices in order to reduce energy consumption of these sensor nodes. Because of hardware limitations further energy efficiency can be achieved through the design of energy efficient communication protocols. Medium access control (MAC) is an important technique that ensures the successful operation of the network. One of the main functions of the MAC protocol is to avoid collisions from interfering nodes. The classical IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol for wireless local area network wastes a lot of energy because of idle listening. Designing power efficient MAC protocol is one of the ways to prolong the life time of the network. In this work the study of the energy efficient MAC protocols for the wireless sensor network.
A MAC protocol specifies how nodes in a sensor network access a shared communication channel. Medium access control protocols for wireless sensor networks are almost always designed to be energy efficient. Desired properties of such MAC protocol are: it should be distributed and contention-free. This study addresses low power MAC protocols utilize energy in efficient manner in wireless sensor networks. We are interested in the tradeoff between power consumption and transmission delay, focusing on low traffic in EM-MAC. In EM-MAC, a significant proportion of the nodes may have to stay awake much longer than envisaged. We describe RRMAC protocol (Receiver-Reservation MAC protocol), a new protocol for the Collision avoidance and energy loss due to retransmissions and increase the life span of a wireless sensor networks. This study concludes with the result of simulation studies which indicate that the use of the proposed RRMAC protocol is expected to increase the life time of wireless sensor networks significantly.
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