Absrtact. Triangulation of a multicomponent system was shown on example of the CaO-SiO 2 -H 2 O system. "The Gibbs function normalized to the total number of electrons" was applied in order to reflect all the possible transformations of components of the system at non-equilibrium as well as at equilibrium conditions. The bifurcation points of the system are located at the each intersection of the line connected compositions of the interacting components and the stable secant line. It was shown the possibility of the "self-organization" processes which is based on the exchange as well as that reactions.
IntroductionNatural and technological objects are represented by multicomponent systems. Chemical and physicochemical interactions of these systems are defined by the substance microstates. Geometric images of the multicomponent systems can be represented by the phase diagram which is based on the continuity and consistency principles [1] which reflects the transformation processes between components of a system. The "structure-property" diagram is the precise geometric model of the complex functions which are establishing the relationship between temperature, volume, concentration and the other physical and chemical factors which are determining the state of the open system. In other words, the "structure-property" diagram merges together chemical transformations of matter and space geometric transformations into one whole. The phase diagram allows to define phase boundaries of the different phases existing in the system as well as to reveal not pronounced chemical processes. Additionally it allows to high light the weak interparticle interactions that do not lead to the formation of new compounds or to the decomposition of existing phases [2]. The phase diagrams enables widely consider problems of physical chemistry and chemical thermodynamics, reflecting modern ideas about the properties of individual substances as well as their mixtures, phase and chemical equilibria, and surface phenomena jointly. They are widely used in search of new intermetallic compounds [3][4][5], the glass-forming systems in the crystalline, glassy and molten states [6][7][8], solid solutions [9,10], predicting of the properties of metastable states [11][12][13] , analysis of phase transitions and critical phenomena [14,15], the fabrication of composite materials [16,17], the processes of separation and purification of substances [18,19], the development of algorithms for constructing phase diagrams [20][21], and others [22][23][24][25] presently.Study of the phase diagrams implies partitioning of the multidimensional figures on individual cells -media of the invariant points which are called triangulation. The topological [1,2], geometric [26,27] and thermodynamic [28,29] triangulation techniques are available at this moment. The main feature of the systems triangulation is the determination of the constituents forming only eutectic composition (single phase units). The constituents of a single phase unit do not form new compounds and ...
The application field of materials based on lanthanum orthophosphate (LaPO4) including nanomaterials, has been permanently extending recently. The high level of mechanical properties and the compatibility with numerous oxides make it possible to consider the possibility of using lanthanum orthophosphate as a composite material for construction purposes. This application is particularly promising when nanoparticles with quasi-1D morphology (nanorods) are used. The high isomorphic capacity of the LaPO4-based phase for alkaline-earth ions and ions of lanthanides and actinides, high chemical stability, and high radiation hardness make promising the application of this compound as a matrix for immobilization of radioactive wastes.
The possibility of obtaining lanthanum phosphate (LaPO4) by the hydrothermal method is considered in the work. Effects of pH, temperature and time of processing of hydrothermal synthesis on the morphology and structure of monostructured lanthanum phosphate are studied. It has been established that, with the increase of pH, the morphology of phosphate changed, the size of the crystallites increased, while the crystal structure changed from hexagonal to monoclinic.
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