Chemical content in peels of fruits belonging to cultivars of Clementine mandarin (Fino, Loretina and Marisol), Satsume mandarin (Owari), Navel orange (Navelate and Navelina) and Common orange (Valencia Late) groups have been analyzed. The influence of the variety on the content of bioactive constituents at the varietal level is discussed. Rind contents showed similar tendencies for the majority of compounds although Satsume group presented the highest amounts on the flavanone glycosides hesperidin and narirutin, as well as the highest amounts of the carotenoid and β-cryptoxanthin, comparing with the remaining varieties studied. Both mandarin and orange varieties studied showed similar tendencies concerning to other phenolic compounds and total ascorbic acid concentrations. Limonene was the most abundant peel essential oil in all cultivars studied, followed by myrcene. Calcium and potassium were the dominant macronutrients for each cultivar studied, although the proportion of the individual nutrients ranged among different cultivars.
Iron chlorosis is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting fruit trees and other crops in calcareous soils and leads to a reduction in growth and yield. Usual remediation strategies consist of amending iron to soil, which is an expensive practice, or using tolerant cultivars, which are difficult to develop when not available. To understand the mechanisms underlying the associated physiopathy better, and thus develop new strategies to overcome the problems resulting from iron deficiency, the differential gene expression induced by iron deficiency in the susceptible citrus rootstock Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. have been examined. The genes identified are putatively involved in cell wall modification, in determining photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll content, and reducing oxidative stress. Additional studies on cell wall morphology, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll content, as well as peroxidase and catalase activities, support their possible functions in the response to iron deficiency in a susceptible genotype, and the results are discussed.
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