Dielectric resonator antenna systems are more realistic antenna system for VLSI Chips due to its simplicity in the integration with other system and monolithic fabrication. The dielectric contains the antennas near field and therefore prevents it from interfering with other nearby antennas or circuits, making it suitable for miniature and compact equipments. DRAs have attracted the antenna designers in microwave and millimeter wave band due to its features like high radiation efficiency, light weight, small size, and low profile, low temperature coefficient of frequency, zero conductor losses and suitable scale in microwave band. DRs of low loss dielectric material, having dielectric constant as 10 < Er < 100 are ideally suitable for antenna applications. These antennas can also be easily integrated into portable communication devices. Dielectric resonator with coplanar wave guide provide better antenna parameters.When a dielectric resonator is not entirely enclosed by a conducting boundary, it can radiate, and so it becomes an antenna, named Dielectric resonator antenna (DRA).As compared to microstrip antenna, DRAs have much wider impedance bandwidth and they don't support surface waves.Various DRA modes can be excited using different excitation techniques, for example the conducting probe, microstrip line, co-planar waveguide. In this paper we studied the cylindrical Dielectric resonator antenna configuration along with co-planar waveguide on a semiconductor substrate for millimeter wave wireless application (60GHz).Keywords-Dielectric resonator antenna, millimeter wave, co planar waveguide I.

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A multilayer gap-coupled dual band hexagonal microstrip patch antenna is presented for GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) receivers. GAGAN is developed by AAI (Airport Authority of India) and ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) exclusively for aviation purposes with the GPS frequencies L5 (1176.45 MHz) and L1 (1575.42 MHz). The proposed GAGAN antenna has three trapezoidal and four equilateral triangular patch resonators configured to form a gap-coupled hexagonal patch on the top layer and seven equilateral triangular patches with slots in between to form the middle layer. Both the layers are fed by a single coax feed to achieve a dual band compact microstrip antenna of size 55 mm x 55 mm x 3.2 mm. Instead of designing the hexagonal antenna conventionally from a circular patch antenna, the sides of the equilateral triangular patch are truncated to obtain the proposed compact hexagonal antenna as the triangular antenna occupies less area when compared to circular or square patches for a fixed frequency. To bring in novelty with improved performance, the combinatorial structured configuration has been explored through step-by-step optimization. The aspects of GAGAN requirements like circular polarization with a single input, dual band operation and high gain with gain flatness are achieved with this compact structured antenna when compared to square and circular patch antennas. The combinatorial structures such as perturbation and truncation introduced in the patches are responsible for exciting two near-degenerate orthogonal modes producing circular polarization (CP). A cross slot etched in the center patch results in gain enhancement with a gain above 3.2 dBi over a bandwidth of 20 MHz in both the bands. Five shorting pins are added to achieve high impedance matching and good CP with an axial ratio (AR) below 2 dB. The simulated and measured results are found to be in good agreement with greater than 20 MHz operational bandwidth exhibiting CP with an omni-directional radiation pattern having high cross polar levels of -22 dB. The size reduction achieved in the proposed design is 56.79% when compared to the conventional hexagonal patch antenna. The measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth is 2.7% and 2.1% for L5 and L1 bands respectively with a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 2.3% for L5 and 2.0% for L1, satisfying GAGAN requirements.INDEX TERMS Circular polarization, dual band, global positioning system (GPS), GPS aided GEO augmented navigation receivers (GAGAN), hexagonal antenna, multilayer, triangular antenna.