The aging of simulated nuclear waste glass by contact with a controlled-temperature, humid atmosphere results in the formation of a double hydration layer penetrating into the glass and in the formation of minerals on the glass surface. The hydration process described here provides insight into the aging kinetics of naturally occurring glasses and also suggests that simulated aging reactions are necessary for demonstrating that nuclear waste forms can meet projected Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements.
Solvent extraction IFuelreprocessinglCentrifugal contactors! Ruthenium jZirconiumThe contactor was also tested for application to the Civex and Thorex processes. SummaryA miniature short-residence-time centrifugal solvent extraction contactor and an eight-stage laboratory minibank of centrifugal contactors were used for testing the possibility of utilizing kinetic effects for improving the Separation of uranium from ruthenium and zirconium in the Purex process. Results of these tests showed that a small improvement found in ruthenium and zirconium decontamination in single-stage solvent extraction tests was lost in the multistage extraction tests -in fact, the extent of Saturation of the solvent by uranium, rather than the stage residence time, controlled the extent of ruthenium and zirconium extraction. In applying the centrifugal contactor to the Purex process, the primary advantages would be less radiolytic damage to the solvent, high throughput, reduced solvent inventory, and rapid attainment of steady-state operating conditions. The multistage mini contactor was also tested to determine the suitability of short-residence-time contactors for use with the Civex and Thorex processes and was found to be compatible with the requirements of these processes.
Pyrex and SRL 131 Glass Specimens as Function of Impact Test Energy Density 29 14. Variation of Two Lognormal Parameters, Dg and og, with Energy Density of Specimens 30 15. Cumulative Volume Fractions of Particles, Replotted on Lognormal Coordinates 32 LIST OF FIGURES (contd) No._ Title Pagt 16. Diametral Impact in ANL Impact Chamber of 1.3-cm-OD x 1.3-cm-Long Specimens at 141 J/cm 3 of SYNROC, SRL 131 Simulated Waste Glass, and a Pyrex Standard 33 17. Measured BET Surface Areas _vs Impact Energy for 25-mm-OD x 25-mm-Long Specimens of Various Materials 38 18. Measured BET Surface Areas vs_ Impact Energy for Pyrex Specimen of Sizes Indicated ........ 39 19. Measured BET Surface Areas vs_ Impact Energy for Two Different Sizes of Pyrex and SRL 131 Glass Specimens 40 20. Cumulative Volume Fractions and Surface Area Fractions for Axial and Diametral Impacts at 10 J/cm 3 of 25-mm x 25-mm Pyrex Specimens 42 21. Particle Size Distributions for 10 J/cm 3 Axial Impacts of Pyrex with and without a Mechanical Stop 43 22. Cumulative Volume Percentages Based on Specific Sample Size Used by Vendors to Determine Size Distribution of Impact Fragments of SRL 131 Glass ........ 49 23. Particle Size Distributions of Impact Fragments Determined by Six Measurements Normalized to the Initial Volume of 25-mm-OD x 25-mm-Long Impacted SRL 131 Glass Specimens 50 24. Fragments of SRL 131 Glass from 10 J/cm 3 Impact Tests, Showing Small Particles Attached to Larger Particles • 51 25. Flow Diagram for Preparation of Scanning Electron Microscope Specimens of Impact-Produced Glass Fragments, after [THAUL0W] 53 26a. Typical SEM Photograph of Pyrex Fragments for Sample AR-1 after Treatment by the Dispersion Procedures Described in Text.-80 mesh at X135 magnification 56 26b. Typical SEM Photograph of Pyrex Fragments for Sample AR-1 after Treatment by the Dispersion Procedures Described in Text.-400 mesh at X1080 magnification 57 vi LIST OF FIGURES (contd) No. Title Page 26c. Typical SEM Photograph of Pyrex Fragments for Sample AR-1 after Treatment by the Dispersion Procedures Described in Text.-400 mesh at X1080 magnification 58 26d. Typical SEM Photograph of Pyrex Fragments for Sample AR-1 after Treatment by the Dispersion Procedures Described in Text.-400 mesh at X1080 magnification 59 27a. Typical Optical Microscope Photograph of Fragments >175 urn for Specimen AR-1 at 17.5X magnification 60 27b. Typical Optical Microscope Photograph of Fragments >175 \im for Specimen AR-2 at 17.5X magnification 61 28. Histograms of Form Factor for Particles in Each Fraction 66 29. Histograms of Max Diameter/Min Diameter Ratio for Particles in Each Fraction 67 30. Plots of Max Diameter/Min Diameter Ratio Against Form Factor for Particles in Each Fraction 69
The effects on the leachability of SRL 131 glass as a result of slight changes in the glass composition were monitored by leachate and surface analyses. The compositional changes had marked effects on solution and layer composition and on the precipitated alteration products that formed after 546 days of static leaching. The leaching behavior of long-lived actinide elements were measured, with Pu and Am showing little tendency to become solubilized and Np and U continuously accumulating in solution.
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