Objective To report a combined genital tract anomaly of septate uterus, unilateral fallopian tube hypoplasia, and ipsilateral ovarian agenesis. Design Case report. Setting Academic tertiary care center. Patient A 24-year-old female. Intervention(s) History and physical, pelvic sonogram, hysterosalpingogram, intravenous pyelogram, abdominal and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostic laparoscopy, exploratory laparotomy, cuff neosalpingostomy, and uterine septum resection. Main Outcome Measure(s) Recognition of three independent and rare reproductive tract anomalies in the same patient. Result(s) Restoration of anatomy and subsequent fertility. Conclusion(s) A careful clinical evaluation with consideration of embryologic origin is essential to the identification and treatment of rare reproductive tract malformations.
Background
Lifetime physical activity (PA) is associated with decreased breast cancer (BC) risk; reports suggest that PA during adolescence contributes strongly to this relationship. PA lowers production of sex hormones, specifically estradiol, or decreases insulin resistance (IR), thereby lowering risk. Overweight Latina adolescents are insulin resistant and exhibit low levels of PA, potentially increasing their future BC risk.
Methods
37 obese Latina adolescents (15.7 ±1.1 yrs) provided measures of PA using accelerometry; plasma follicular phase estradiol, sex-hormone binding globulin, total and free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS); IR using HOMA-IR; body composition via DEXA. Partial correlations and stepwise linear regressions assessed cross-sectional relationships between sex hormones, IR and PA. Body composition, and age were included a priori as covariates.
Results
Estradiol was negatively associated with accelerometer counts per minute (CPM) (r= −0.4; p=0.02), percent time spent in moderate PA (%MPA) (r= −0.5; p=0.006), and percent time in moderate or vigorous PA (%MVPA) (r= −0.5; p=0.007). DHEAS was positively associated with CPM (r=0.4, p=0.009), %MPA (r=0.3, p=0.04), and %MVPA (r=0.3, p=0.04). Other sex hormones and IR were not associated with PA measures.
Conclusion
This study is the first to show that higher habitual PA was inversely associated with estradiol in obese adolescents.
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