Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique is used to prepare zirconia–alumina composite layers based on the principle of functionally graded materials (FGM). The FGM were prepared with five layers. The outer layer was composed of pure α-alumina to promote biocompatibility while the inner layer was stabilised zirconia (3Y-TZP), to benefit from its tough properties. The intermediate layers were stepwise graded layers. The stability of the EPD suspensions was the main challenge during the preparation steps. Due to availability and low cost, alcoholic solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and toluene were used to control conductivity, dielectric constant and the viscosity of the suspension. The appropriately applied potential, (ζ), for the deposition of each layer, was achieved via gradation of the applied voltage, which was to optimise the packing of each layer and avoid cracking after sintering at 1500 °C. The cylindrical-shaped green specimens were obtained via deposition on graphite electrodes. A small amount of acetic acid was added during the deposition of the final outer alumina layer to introduce porosity, via the bubbling of acetic acid, to encourage osseointegration. The sintered specimens were implanted in rabbit tibial bone. In vivo histological tests showed the successful osseointegration of the implants to the rabbit bone.
Study's purpose of this study is to conduct synthesis and evaluate the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) with hydrogel locally magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPS) locally or intraperitoneally (IP) on the healing of the distal third radial fracture. Concentrations of MgONPs 200μg/ml, dissolved in 1 cc distilled water and the solution stirred by a stirrer for 10 min. HA 0.5 mg in 1ml hydrogel and the solution stirring at the vortex for 15 min. These materials were evaluated in vitro to ensure their suitability with the tissues. Seventy-five healthy adult male rabbits, aged about 1.5- 2 years old with average weighting 1.7- 2.3 Kg. B.W were used. Rabbits were divided into three groups randomly (n=25), group A (HA mixed hydrogel applied locally), group B (HA mixed with hydrogel and MgONPs applied locally) and group C (HA mixed hydrogel applied locally and MgONPs IP). Animals were anesthetized by i.m 40 mg/ kg B.W ketamine hydrochloride and 5mg/ kg B.W xylazine. A 5cm incision had made cranio-medially in the skin of the forelimb (right forelimb) and exposure radius and ulna. The macroscopic evaluation revealed that all groups at 2nd week showed bone reaction in different degrees.
Study aimed to develop and test effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) and hydroxyapatite (HA) with gel on repair of distal radius transverse fractures. MgONPs concentrations 200 μg /ml were dissolved in 1 ml distilled water, stirred for 10 minutes, 0.5 mg HA in 1 ml gel, shaking for 15 minutes. These materials were tested in vitro. Forty adult male rabbits, at 1.5 to 2 years old and weighing 1.7-2.3 kg. Rabbits were divided into 2 groups: Rabbits were given intramuscularly 40 mg/kg B.W ketamine hydrochloride, 5 mg/ kg B.W xylazine to anesthetic before operations. A 5 cm incision was made in the skin of forelimb cranio-medially, transverse fracture was induced. MgONPs/HA/gel applied locally group (A). While HA/gel was applied locally, MgONPs were intraperitoneally injected group (B). Clinical examination revealed excellent apatite with minor swelling at the fracture site. At 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks, Radiographic evaluation revealed group A had periosteal reaction within fracture site, at 2nd week post-operatively, group B had active periosteal reaction at fracture site. At 4th week, callus bridge connected two ends of fracture in group A. At same time, a visible callus crossed two ends of fracture in group B.
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