We provide outcome data about fetuses prenatally diagnosed for clubfoot. One-third are complex cases associated with other congenital anomalies. For isolated clubfoot, the risk of requiring surgery is about 40%. The detection of a bilateral defect does not worsen the prognosis.
Our Spanish population of older mothers showed a higher risk for being delivered by cesarean section and for developing either preeclampsia or gestational diabetes. The overall neonatal outcome was unaffected. These data may be helpfull to counsel patients about their pregnancy expectations and possible outcomes.
FACTORES DERIVADOS DE LOS LABORATORIOS INTRAHOSPITALARIOS QUE PROVOCAN ESTRÉS EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA
FATORES DERIVADOS DOS LABORATÓRIOS INTRA-HOSPITALARES QUE PROVOCAM ESTRESSE NOS ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM
KEY WORDS: diastrophic dysplasia; diastrophic dwarfism; skeletal dysplasia; first-trimester ultrasound Diastrophic dysplasia (DD) is a severe usually nonlethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by micromelic limb shortening and normal intelligence. We describe a case diagnosed during the first-trimester routine ultrasound scan for screening of fetal anomalies in a family with no risk for the condition, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the earliest sonographic prospective diagnosis of DD.This was the third pregnancy of a 31-year-old woman, with two previous spontaneous first-trimester miscarriages and with no history of X-ray or teratogenics exposure during early pregnancy. Her family history was unremarkable for congenital anomalies, hereditary diseases or consanguinity. A transabdominal ultrasound examination at 12 + 5 weeks of gestation revealed a normal grown fetus with a crown-rump length of 60 mm, with normal nuchal translucency (1.7 mm). However, the long bones were markedly short (Figure 1(a)) (femur: 5.0 mm, humerus 5.2 mm); therefore, a transvaginal scan was performed. Other significant findings at that time were a bilateral 'hitchhiker' thumb ( Figure 2(a)), 'buddha' position of the lower limbs and bilateral clubfoot. Biparietal diameter, head and abdominal circumference were within normal ranges for gestational age. The skull and intracranial structures, thorax and spine appeared normal, whilst no other structural malformations were detected in the remaining organs, and with normal amniotic fluid volume as well. Mainly on the basis of the long bones shortening, clubfeet and 'hitchhiker' thumbs findings, DD was strongly suspected.Chorionic villus sampling for fetal karyotyping was performed, and one week later a follow-up ultrasound scan confirmed all of the previous findings. After counselling, the parents elected to terminate the pregnancy at 14 weeks, which was performed by vaginal prostaglandine administration.The external examination at autopsy demonstrated all of the ultrasonographic findings and a further micrognathia that had been overlooked (Figures 1(b) and 2(b)). *Correspondence to: M. J. Canto, Crtra Sant Cugat 11-15, 2-1,
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