Using data from the 1995 Survey of Consumer Finances, this study found that family business owners are more risk tolerant than nonowners. Among family business owners, age, race, net worth, and the number of employees in the business affect risk‐taking attitudes and behavior. In addition, the following factors are associated with risk‐taking behaviors: number of years of ownership, gross sales, who started the business, and sole proprietorship. Education influences risk‐taking attitudes.

Using a multidimensional conceptualization and drawing on previous theoretical frameworks, this study identifies the dynamic relationships between consumer trust and product loyalty, and explores the mechanism, by which these constructs are formed. It further examines the nature and direction of the chain of effects related to the formation of consumer trust and loyalty and their links, all in the context of the core relationship between consumers and firms from the production to consumption, and back to production again. This analysis implies that blind consumer loyalty to a product may lead to the elevation of producer's power and give a blank card for setting prices, adjusting quality and altering services, and ultimately reversing consumer sovereignty. The analysis also implies that consumer satisfaction domain spans much more over and beyond the consumption of a product and the consumer-firm relationship extends way beyond having the product and paying for it.

This study exposes the meaning and role of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and lays out the key elements that make it work. It shows the model’s theoretical strength and examines its applicability and validity as a technical tool to measure the expected return to the investment in stock, along with assessing the market risk associated with that investment.

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Financial decision making for investing firms requires metric tools for comparison and analysis. The managerial choice among many investment alternatives with complex possibilities has made it easier to rely on the now more advanced computer programs of simulation that considers the uncertainty and stochastic changes in the cash flow and risk levels. The major drawback here, especially in the academic world, is the increasing dependency on software and departing from the underlying mathematical reasoning that is most practically fathomed by the manual problem solving. This paper goes back to the tradition on analyzing and comparing the major models of capital budgeting.