System frequency may change from defined values while transmitting power from one area to another in an interconnected power system due to various reasons such as load changes and faults. This frequency change causes a frequency error in the system. However, the system frequency should always be maintained close to the nominal value even in the presence of model uncertainties and physical constraints. This paper proposes an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC)-based load frequency control (LFC) of an interconnected power system. The controller incorporates effects of generator inertia and generator electrical proximity to the point of disturbances. The proposed controller reduces the magnitude error of the area control error (ACE) of an interconnected power system compared to the standard controller. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of proposed ADRC in the application of LFC of an interconnected power system.
The main goal of an interconnected power system is to transfer power from one area to another while the network frequency and tie-line flow remain within the prescribed limits. However, both of these quantities may violate their desired values during this transfer due to disturbances in the network. This paper proposes a stratagem for choosing the right feedback path for an interconnected power system to maintain the system frequency and tie-line flows within the prescribed limits while external disturbances exist. Area control error (ACE), a combination of frequency error and tie-flow deviations, is used as the performance indicator. In the proposed approach, feedback control is designed using active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) based load frequency control to tackle ACE. It is observed that the individual load change monitoring is sufficient for selecting the right feedback paths rather than the consideration of simultaneous load changes of all load centres. The effectiveness of the proposed controller for selecting the feedback paths has been tested by conducting several case studies. The results demonstrate that the proposed controller can reduce transient magnitude around 57% for ACE, 55% for frequency error and 72% for tie-line error as compared to the PID controller.
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