Study Design
A retrospective study.
Purpose
The first research on the erector spinae plane (ESP) block was published in 2016. To our knowledge, no cohort studies or randomized controlled trials of the ESP block were performed in 2016 and 2017.
Overview of Literature
This study retrospectively investigated the efficacy of the ESP block in pain management after lumbar spinal surgery.
Methods
Patients who underwent lumbar spinal surgery in 2017 were enrolled in the study. Those who underwent secondary surgery with local anesthesia other than the ESP block were excluded. The primary outcome was the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain score at various time points until the morning of postoperative day 2. The secondary outcomes were the amount of intravenous fentanyl administered during the first 24 hours following the surgery and the number of patients with complaints of complications such as nausea and vomiting until the morning of postoperative day 2.
Results
The data of 41 patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, 23 received only general anesthesia (G group), whereas the other 18 patients received the ESP block in addition to general anesthesia (E group). The NRS pain scores and the amount of fentanyl administered were lower in the G group than in the E group at all measured time points (all data were less than
p
<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (
p
=0.11).
Conclusions
The ESP block provides effective postoperative analgesic effect for 24 hours in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery.
Since 2007, Aozora Pharmacy has been holding a learning class twice a year for pharmacy users and community residents. A survey research was conducted on whether participation in the learning class had any effects on the awareness and behavior of the attendee at a series of learning classes on drugs and health information targeted at users of the pharmacy and community residents. Out of 187 subject attendees, responses were acquired from 91 (48.7). The number of times of attendance was: once (24.4), twice (23.1), three times (6.6), four times (2.2), more than five times (13.2), more than ten times (5.5) and unknown (13.2). For the changes in awareness and behavior, 51 people answered Yes (56.0), 28 people answered No (30.8) and 12 people answered Neither (12.1). When the number of attendance became more than three times, the result of correlation significantly showed that those who said Yes to changes in awareness and behavior exceeded those that said No. Furthermore, a positive correlation R 2 = 0.986 P = 0.00135 was found between the number of times of attendance and the ratio of Yes for changes. It became clear that a continuous participation in such a learning class has influences on the health literacy of the attendee, and it was suggested that the more the number of attendance grows, the higher the effect is shown.
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