This paper seeks to explain the process of economic change of the Papuans in Jayapura which tends to be subsistence-oriented in the face of a market economy that came with the wave of transmigration since the 1960s. Amid market economy penetration, Papuans are included in a dual economy where a subsistence orientation to meet domestic needs is still being carried out but at the same time facing a capitalistic market economy so that what follows is only the expansion of subsistence and marginality. History shows that Papuans with a subsistence-based economy find it difficult to compete with price-based markets and a large number of migrants having complex trade networks and more established access to expanses. In addition, the relatively small scale of trade and the lack of technical aspects of trading in a market economy such as bargaining, debts and subscription systems make it difficult for Papuans to collect profits from their trading. The community and the regional or central government responded to this with strategies and policies that provided momentum for the expansion of their commercial businesses. This study then looks at how the strategies and momentum that emerged and utilized optimally by the Papuans to develop their economy and what factors would inhibit or drive it.
This paper convey a reflection on the economic activities of the chocolate farming community in Berab, Papua and its relationship with the international market, namely in Japan through the Kakao Kita business organization in Jayapura. The ethnographic methods was used to collect the data, in-depth interviews, participant observation, and visual ethnography are conducted during June 2020 – January 2021.The crucial finding from this research is that the trading systems that are built are both based on humanism and community principles. Both buyers from Japan and the farming community built social relations which then abandoned the impression that trade, especially on an international scale, was all about profit and loss. There is a positive intersubjectivity between the two of them, shown by a sense of togetherness in the importance of maintaining this relationship, as well as the relationship to nature shown by organic cocoa plantation management and transparent and humanist trading mechanisms. Furthermore, the challenge that arises and need to reflect on is whether a similar scheme model can be replicated to other communities in Papua. It is recommended to the Papuan local government to take a closer look at the policy implementation process, especially from special autonomy for the economic empowerment of local communities.
One of the reasons for the decline in rice production in Indonesia is that most of the paddy fields are already degraded, which is characterized by, among other things, low organic matter content. straw produced in rice cultivation is 7 tonnes / ha. However, the components of rice straw are mainly cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and small amounts of protein which make the C / N value high. The methods used in this activity are in the form of counseling, demonstration plots / pilots of making rice straw compost, guidance and counseling, field applications or planting rice using compost, monitoring and field evaluation. The results of the community service that has been carried out in Karyasari Village, Rengas Dengklok District, Karawang Regency were carried out by 10 members and this research was carried out well and by monitoring to see how successful compost from agricultural waste was.
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