Plastic surgery and cosmetic procedures, the number of which has been increasing exponentially in recent years, as well as related complications, have added to the list of parathyroid hormone-independent hypercalcemia causes. So, one of the delayed complications of silicone, paraffin oil, and polymethymethacrylate injections is hypercalcemia. Severe and sometimes life-threatening hypercalcemia can develop several years after cosmetic procedures. It is the result of granulomatous inflammation and most often extrarenal calcitriol synthesis by activated macrophages. Therefore, cosmetic post-injection granuloma should be considered as a cause of hypercalcemia, especially in middle-aged women who do not have parathyroid-mediated hypercalcemia or hypercalcemia in the outcome of paraneoplastic processes.
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