Possible volumes of the use of renewable energy sources in arctic regions of Russia are considered. With allowance for the climatic conditions and local consumers it is the most expedient to built wind-driven power plants in combination with diesels. Places of possible erection and capacities of wind-diesel plants with total output of 95 MW are presented. This will make it possible to reduce considerably the delivery of expensive diesel fuel (by 106,000 tons coal equivalent a year). The expected investment is estimated at 3.9 billion rubles.Keywords: arctic regions, wind-diesel power plants, installed capacity, investment.The rigorous natural and climatic conditions in the regions of Russian Arctic complicate substantially the problem of survival of the population. At the same time, these regions have strategic importance and possess valuable and quite considerable mineral resources (hydrocarbons, metallic ores, etc.). One of the main problems of survival is power supply. The extremely low population density excludes the possibility of centralized power supply, which is ensured at present by autonomously operating fuel plants, primarily diesel power stations (DPS) generating from tens or hundreds kilowatt to 10 -20 MW. Fuel supply in a very short delivery period is a hard and expensive organizational, engineering and economical task.The arctic regions include the Nenetskii, Yamalo-Nenetskii, Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenetskii), and Chukotskii Autonomous Regions, the arctic part of the Murmansk Region, the northern part of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), and the Koryakskii Autonomous Region. An analysis of possible kinds of renewable energy sources (RES) in these regions has shown the following.High latitudes and rigorous climatic conditions limit the use of solar energy in the area. In winter this source cannot be used due to polar night or very short light day. Photoelectric power sources with a capacity ranging from several hundred watts to several kilowatts can be used as a portable variant for supplying seasonal consumers. Such energy sources cannot contribute substantially into the power supply of arctic regions.The virtual absence of resources excludes the use of the energy of biomass. The possibility of the use of geothermal energy in the regions considered is also limited, because thermal waters with temperature sufficient for the production of electric power and (or) for hot water supply are available only in some regions of the Koryakskii, Chukotskii, and Yamalo-Nenetskii Autonomous Regions. At the same time, the use thermal waters for electric power and hot water supply of individual settlements and regions can contribute substantially into the solution of the problem of survival in arctic regions.The energy of small rivers converted into electric power at small and micro hydropower plants (HPP) can be used on a small scale. A serious obstacle in the erection of minor HPP is their high capital-output ratio. In addition, the annual runoff of small rivers and hence the production of power at small HPP is extremely ...
Steam-gas power unit PGU-170 at the Nevinnomysskii Power Plant includes a high-pressure steam generator VPG-450 consisting of two blocks operating on natural gas and typically has a rather high content of nitric oxide in combustion products. Even in the most typical gas-burning schedule where the excess-air coefficient after the steam superheater is maintained around 1.02 under the nominal load, the concentration of NO x converted to NO 2 reduced to a = 1.4 is equal to 1100 -1200 mg/m 3 . In many domestic boilers of equal rating (the rating of steam generator VPG-450 is 225 ton/h per block) that have balanced draft and operate on natural gas with a = 1.4 the concentration of NO x converted to NO 2 has been brought down to 150 -200 mg/m 3 or lower by using rational combustion methods.In view of the design specifics of steam generator VPG-450, such as increased pressure inside the furnace (approximately 6 kgf/cm 2 ) and along the path of the combustion products, a small size of the furnace, the layout of the burners, and other specifics, the standard techniques for suppressing the formation of nitric oxide that are efficient for standard boilers (stepwise fuel combustion, recirculation of flue gas, action of water upon the flame) cannot be implemented in the furnaces of VPG-450 generators.The researchers from the ÉNIN company have proposed several techniques intended to diminish NO x formation, which have been tested at the specified generator starting with the least expensive technique: introducing steam into the hot air duct (past the compressors). Steam-distributing grates were installed in the specified air ducts to provide a uniform distribution of steam across the air duct section near the air input into the circular channels surrounding the convection shafts (one block of VPG-450 is shown in Fig. 1).The experiments were performed as follows. The nominal load and the optimum natural gas combustion mode (a f ¢¢ » 1.02) were set on the power unit considered; the operating parameters of VPG-450 generator were registered and the concentrations of NO x , CO, and O 2 past VPG-450 were measured. After that, equal steam flow rates D were introduced into the hot air ducts of each block, this schedule was maintained for a certain time and the operating parameters of both blocks were registered. The concentration of nitric oxide past the steam generator was simultaneously determined by two methods: using a Testo-33 instrument and the chemical method in accordance to [1].
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