Based on the analysis of existing approaches in the prediction of dynamic phenomena of rock pressure, it was established that the basis of most methods is the kinetic concept of the destruction of solids. A team of authors from the Mining Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences has developed a method of geomechanical monitoring of a rock massif state, which consists of analyzing the dynamics of the acoustic active zones formation and predicting the impact hazard based on the established regularities of changes in the geoacoustic activity. This paper proposes an automated method for identifying focal zones, based on preliminary exclusion of background radiation using a non-parametric density estimation method, identifying seismoacoustic active zones by means of probabilistic cluster analysis and parameterizing focal zones by selecting a characteristic ellipsoid.
The prospect of mining the majority of deposits in the Far Eastern region is associated with the need to switch from the open-pit to the underground method of developing deep-lying ore bodies. Ensuring the safest conditions for the combined development of the field is possible only after comprehensive studies have been carried out that make it possible to establish the peculiarities of the formation of the stress state in the rock mass taking into account the influence of various natural and technogenic factors. An assessment of the stability of structural elements of the proposed development systems at the deposits will allow identifying potentially impact hazardous areas and developing measures to maintain and protect mine workings, which will reduce the risk of dynamic manifestations of rock pressure.
Results of geomechanical research of burst hazard of the rock mass of Rasvumchorr mineral deposit with application of measuring complex are presented in the paper. Measuring complex includes the automated seismoacoustic system of rock pressure control "Prognoz-ADS" and the local geoacoustic device "Prognoz L". The measuring complex was developed in Mining Institute of the Far Eastern branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. Measurements and the analysis of parameters of the seismoacoustic events reflecting geomechanical processes in the developed massif is the basis for estimation of rock massif burst hazard.
The results of geomechanical studies to assess the rock burst hazard at the deposits (Kukisvumchorr and Apatite Circus) of the Kola Peninsula are presented in the article. These results are obtained by special set of technical means, including an automated seismic acoustic rock pressure monitoring system “Prognoz-ADS” and a portable geoacoustic device “Prognoz L” developed at the Mining Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Based on the measurement and analysis of the parameters of seismoacoustic events, reflecting the geomechanical processes in the mined rock mass, maps of seismoacoustic activity combined with 3D mining and geological models of mines were developed. Based on the analysis of the spectral parameters of the signals, it was concluded that the use of the developed software and hardware complex is promising for predicting dynamic phenomena in the rock massif. The rock burst hazard can be assessed by the measuring complexes at these deposits; necessary safety measures can be taken for decrease of geodynamic risk.
The results of experimental studies with a laser strainmeter and a multichannel automated geoacoustic rock pressure control system “PROGNOZ ADS” aimed at identifying the nature of the effect of deformation waves from distant earthquakes on the geodynamic activity of the monitored rock mass are presented. The quantitative and energy characteristics of geoacoustic emission before and after the arrival of deformation waves in the controlled rock mass are analyzed. The analysis performed indicates a trigger mechanism of the influence of a distant earthquake on the geodynamic activity of the rock mass. It is noted that the direction of arrival of the deformation wave is an essential factor in the intensification of geodynamic activity in the rock mass. The experiments also revealed the characteristics of rock burst precursors when registering deformation waves in the low-frequency range.
The paper presents a measuring set – a single-component laser strainmeter – for geodynamic monitoring within the Streltsovsk ore field. The results of experimental studies with the participation of a laser strainmeter (deformograph) are presented and the influence of external factors on the state of the massif has been estimated. The influence of distant earthquakes on the state of the mountain massif has been estimated. The features of the deformation field behavior during preparation and implementation of a rock burst have been noted. Characteristics of rock burst precursors in the low-frequency measurement region have been given.
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