Приведены данные инструментальных исследований шерстных качеств (тонины шерсти) выставочных овец разных пород. С 2005 года тонина шерсти внесена в оценочную ведомость выставочного поголовья, представляемого на Российской выставке племенных овец. До начала выставки осуществляется объезд овцеводческих хозяйств, где проводятся научно-консультативные мероприятия и отбор образцов шерсти (бок, ляжка). Определение среднего диаметра волокон у животных осуществлялось на проекционном микроскопе (ланаметре) в лаборатории морфологии и качества продукции ВНИИОК -филиал ФГБНУ «Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр» согласно учебно-методическим указаниям «Метод комплексной оценки рун племенных овец тонкорунных пород» 2013 года. Результаты инструментальной оценки тонины представляются экспертной комиссии в форме сводных ведомостей и паспортов качества шерсти по разным половозрастным группам овец.Показатели тонины шерсти основных и ремонтных баранов тонкорунных пород, представленных в 2018 году на XIX Российской выставке в городе Астрахани, распределились следующим образом: по ставропольской породе (СТ) два хозяйства -в среднем 20,9 и 19,2 мкм соответственно; по манычскому мериносу (ММ) три хозяйства -21,0 и 19,9 мкм; по советскому мериносу (СМ) пять хозяйств -20,8 и 20,5 мкм; по джалгинскому мериносу (ДМ) одно хозяйство -19,9 и 19,4 мкм; по грозненской породе (ГТ) три хозяйства -20,5 и 17,9 мкм.Анализ качества шерсти выставочных овец показал, что тонина шерсти основных и ремонтных баранов тонкорунных пород стабилизируется на уровне 18,0-23,0 мкм, что соответствует данному уровню продуктивности и целенаправленной селекционно-племенной работе в тонкорунном овцеводстве России.Ключевые слова: выставка, порода, бараны, баранчики, шерсть, тонина, уравненность.In article the data of instrumental studies of wool qualities (tufts of wool) of exhibition sheep of different breeds are given. Since 2005, the fine wool has been included in the evaluation list of the exhibition stock presented at the Russian exhibition of breeding sheep. Before the beginning of the exhibition, a tour of the sheep farms is carried out, where scientific and consultative activities are conducted and wool samples (side, thigh) are selected. The determination of the average diameter of the fibers in animals was carried out on a projection microscope (lanameter) in the laboratory of morphology and quality of products of the All-Russian Research Institute of Sheep Breeding and Goat Breeding -branch FSBSI «North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center» according to the training guidelines «The method of integrated assessment of runes of tribal sheep with fine woolen breeds», 2013. The results of the instrumental evaluation of tonin are presented to the expert commission in the form of summary sheets and quality certificates of wool for different sex-age groups of sheep.The indices of the fineness of the wool of the main and repair rams of fine-wool breeds presented in 2018 at the XIX Russian exhibition in the city of Astrakhan were distributed as fo...
A large number of works are devoted to the development of the skin and hair cover of sheep, depending on their breed affiliation, age, feeding conditions and housing. The authors point out that along with other conditions the quality of wool and wool clip is greatly influenced by the conditions of the feeding of animals. A high level of feeding increases the wool clip and improves the quality of the wool and vice versa a low level reduces, causes thinning and worsens other physical properties of the wool. As is known, one of the significant factors that determine the increase in wool clip is the size of the animal and, consequently, the total area of the skin. The purpose of the research was to investigate the morphological traits of the development of the skin and wool cover in sheep of Prikatunsky meat and wool type. The research material was wool samples from four topographic areas of the animal’s body (side/thigh/back/belly) and skin (side) of different sex and age groups, selected from the animals of the studied groups. In the course of research, the quality of wool and indicators of the histostructure of the skin of Prikatunsky meat and wool type of sheep have been investigated. In terms of thick-haired of wool, replacement rams and gimbers of Prikatunsky meat and wool type of sheep were superior by 4,82 pcs. per mm² or 19,0 % and 4,41 pcs. per mm² or 15,8 % of adult animals, respectively. Balance secondary follicles/primary follicles in young animals were higher by 10,3 and 17,3 % compared to breeding rams and ewes. The wool of the replacement young animals was thinner by 7,28 and 4,78 microns and they were more thick-haired. The obtained data will be used in the mating campaign when mating program rams in order to improve the sheep of Prikatunsky meat and wool type.
The intensive development of genetics at the molecular level has now opened up the possibility for breeders to identify and study genes that are directly or indirectly related to desirable economically useful traits. The purpose of the research was to identify desirable genotypes in the breeding of Kazakh White-Headed cattle based on the genes-markers of meat productivity of calpain (CAPN1) and somatotropin (GH) for use in breeding to increase meat productivity and beef quality. Experimental researches have been carried out on steers of the Kazakh White-Headed breed on the basis of the APC collective farm “Gigant” in the Blagodarnensky district in the Stavropol Territory. Analysis of growth and development indicators of calves has shown that the value of live weight and average daily gains was higher in calves carrying the C allele at calpain gene locus and V allele at somatotropin gene locus. Dominant alleles C and V in the homozygous state characterize the desired genotype of calves. During weaning the studied indicators were higher with a diff erence on average up to 13,0 % in young animals of homozygous genotypes (CC and VV). The largest number of muscle fi bers has been observed in steers with the desired CC and VV genotypes. They outperformed their herdmates with GG genotype by 36,82 pcs/мм² or 19,7 % in calpain gene group (CAPN1) by 55,7 pcs/мм² or 31,4 % in somatotropin gene group (GH), respectively. The diameter of muscle fibers in carcasses with the desired genotype was less by 4,23 microns or 11,9 %, and by 6,82 microns or 16,8 %. The meat of steers with homozygous CC and VV alleles according to the studied genes differed from the meat of animals with GG and LL genotypes by 12,6 % in calpain gene (CAPN1) and 15,1 % in somatotropin gene (GH). The connective tissue content was higher in animals with the undesirable type of G and L alleles than in animals of the desired genotype, by 2,13 and 3,34 abs. percent’s. The area of the eye of loin in animals of desired VV genotype of somatotropin cluster (GH) was higher than in animals of CC genotype of calpain cluster (CAPN1) by 4,84 cм² or 10,1 %.
Balanced feeding providing the needs of animals for basic nutrients is a crucial factor in rearing. One of the eff ective methods of rearing of young sheep with a lack of feeding under the ewes is considered to be drinking lamb milk replacer (LMR). It is known that in sheep breeding with some methods of rearing young animals early weaning of lambs and rearing them on lamb milk replacer is of particular importance. In addition some breeds of sheep are multi-fertile and give from 2 to 5 lambs in one lambing. Providing the off spring with their own milk in such cases is not possible, so a full-fl edged not only in protein, but also in energy, LMR is of big importance when rearing young sheep. For lambs, the orphans and two and three lambing we need to apply when feeding a variety of recipes LMR. One of these is Servakid Pro in the production of French company Serval, which not allows the lamb to become weak due to the high level of sugar. It is used as a complete or partial milk replacer during the most important stages of growth during the fi rst 15 days of life and due to the natural taste is well used by young animals. The experiment on the use of this milk replacer has been shown that drinking during the preweaning period of LMR Servakid Pro not only did not aff ect negatively the qualitative characteristics of the skin of sheep pelts, but, thanks to the vitamin complex that is part of LMR even had a positive eff ect, which has been expressed in superiority over herdmates reared by standard technologies. Thus, according to histological parameters in the 2nd experimental group of rams with virtually identical parameters of density and thickness of the skin, the pilar layer (where the follicles are located) was developed more by 3,2 and 0,7 %, and the total thickness of the skin was biger by 16,0 and 2,5 % in comparison with herdmates of the control and 1st experimental groups, respectively. Sheep pelts of all groups of young animals participating in the experiment are a typical fur raw material, so we recommend that when incomplete consumption of mother’s milk by off spring (twins, triplets, orphans, small-milk ewes) use the above-mentioned lamb milk replacer.
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