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No abstract

The neutron production in thick targets irradiated with 1 GeV protons was studied experimentally, and results are well understood with model calculations, including MCNPX 2.7a. However, one observes very large neutron production rates in the interaction of 44 GeV 12C onto thick Cu-, Pb-, and U-targets beyond calculated rates. The experimental spallation product yield curve in a 20 cm thick Cu target irradiated with 72 GeV 40Ar also cannot be reproduced by several model codes, including MCNPX 2.7a. This may be due to secondary fragments produced in high energy ( GeV) heavy-ion interactions which destroy target nuclei more effectively than primary ions. These observed experimental facts constitute “unresolved problems” from a fundamental point of view. It may have an impact on radiation protection issues for future heavy-ion accelerators.

Š ²¨¡·μ¢± É¢¥·¤μÉ¥²Ó´ÒÌ É·¥±μ¢ÒÌ ¤¥É¥±Éμ·μ¢ Ö¤¥· ¤²Ö μ ¶·¥¤¥²¥´¨Ö¸±μ·μ¸É¤ ¥²¥´¨Ö: Ô±¸ ¶¥·¨³¥´É ²Ó´μ¥¨É¥μ·¥É¨Î¥¸±μ¥¨ §ÊÎ¥´¨¥ "²Ö μ ¶·¥¤¥²¥´¨Ö¸±μ·μ¸É¨¤¥²¥´¨Ö ¢ ¤¥²ÖÐ¨Ì¸Ö ³ É¥·¨ ² Ì ¶·¨ ¶μ³μÐÉ ¢¥·¤μÉ¥²Ó´ÒÌ É·¥±μ¢ÒÌ ¤¥É¥±Éμ·μ¢ (¸²Õ¤ , ² ¢¸ ´¨¸É¥±²μ) Ô±¸ ¶¥·¨³¥´É ²Ó´μ °¤¥´¨· ¸¸Î¨É ´³¥Éμ¤μ³ OEμ´É¥-Š ·²μ ± ²¨¡·μ¢μÎ´Ò°Ë ±Éμ· w. μ± § ´μ, ÎÉμ ± ²¨¡·μ¢μÎ´Ò°Ë ±Éμ· w, μ ¶·¥¤¥²¥´´Ò°¢ ¶μ²ÖÌ´¥°É·μ´μ¢´¨ §±¨Ì Ô´¥·-£¨°, ³μ¦¥É¨¸ ¶μ²Ó §μ¢ ÉÓ¸Ö ¤²Ö´ Ì즤¥´¨Ö¸±μ·μ¸É¨¤¥²¥´¨Ö ¢´¥°É·μ´´ÒÌ ¶μ-²Ö̸´¥¨ §¢¥¸É´Ò³¨Ì · ±É¥·¨¸É¨± ³¨(Ô´¥·£¨Ö¨Ê£²μ¢μ¥ · ¸ ¶·¥¤¥²¥´¨¥). Éμ ÊÉ¢¥·¦¤¥´¨¥¸ ¶· ¢¥¤²¨¢μ, ¥¸²¨¤²Ö ¢ÒΨ¸²¥´¨Ö ± ²¨¡·μ¢μδμ£μ Ë ±Éμ· w ¶ μ¸²¥¤ÊÕÐ¥£μ ¥£μ ¶·¨³¥´¥´¨Ö¨¸ ¶μ²Ó §Ê¥É¸Ö¸·¥¤´¥¥ §´ Î¥´¨¥ ¶²μÉ´μ¸É¨É·¥-±μ¢ μ¸±μ²±μ¢ ¤¥²¥´¨Ö, ±μÉμ·μ¥ μ ¶·¥¤¥²Ö¥É¸Ö¸ ¶μ³μÐÓÕ É·¥±μ¢ÒÌ ¤¥É¥±Éμ·μ¢, · ¸ ¶μ²μ¦¥´´ÒÌ ¶μ μ¡¥¸Éμ·μ´Ò Ëμ²Ó£¨¨ § ¤¥²ÖÐ¥£μ¸Ö ¢¥Ð¥¸É¢ .¡μÉ ¢Ò ¶μ²´¥´ ¢ ‹ ¡μ· Éμ·¨¨¢Ò¸μ±¨Ì Ô´¥·£¨°¨³. ‚.ˆ. ‚¥±¸²¥· . OE. ²¤¨´ ˆŸˆ.'μμ¡Ð¥´¨¥ ¡Ñ¥¤¨´¥´´μ£μ¨´¸É¨ÉÊÉ Ö¤¥·´Ǫ̀¸¸²¥¤μ¢ ´¨°. " Ê¡´ , 2006 Hashemi-Nezhad S. R. et al. E1-2006-54 Calibration of Track Detectors for Fission Rate Determination: an Experimental and Theoretical StudyThe calibration factor w, for the determination ofˇssion rate inˇssionable materials using the track detectors (mica, Lavsan, and soda glass) was studied experimentally and by the Monte Carlo method. It is shown that w obtained via low-energy particle inducedˇssion, can be used for the determination ofˇssion rate in a particle (neutron)ˇeld of unknown characteristics (energy and angular distribution) if in the determination of w and in its subsequent use the mean density of the tracks in the track detectors on both sides of theˇssion foil is used.

No abstract