Besov-type interpolation spaces and appropriate Bernstein-Jackson inequalities, generated by unbounded linear operators in a Banach space, are considered. In the case of the operator of differentiation these spaces and inequalities exactly coincide with the classical ones. Inequalities are applied to a best approximation problem in a Banach space, particularly, to spectral approximations of regular elliptic operators. MSC: Primary 47A58; secondary 41A17

We establish an improvement of Bernstein-Jackson inequalities by explicitly calculating constants on special approximation scales of analytic vectors of finite exponential types, generated by unbounded operators. Inequalities are applied to analytical estimates of spectral approximations of unbounded operators. Applications to spectral approximations of elliptic and ordinary differential boundary-value problems are shown.

We give the estimates of approximation errors while approximating of a positive operator $A$ in a Banach space by analytic vectors. Our main results are formulated in the form of Bernstein and Jackson type inequalities with explicitly calculated constants. We consider the classes of invariant subspaces ${\mathcal E}_{q,p}^{\nu,\alpha}(A)$ of analytic vectors of $A$ and the special scale of approximation spaces $\mathcal {B}_{q,p,\tau}^{s,\alpha}(A)$ associated with the complex degrees of positive operator. The approximation spaces are determined by $E$-functional, that plays a similar role as the module of smoothness. We show that the approximation spaces can be considered as interpolation spaces generated by $K$-method of real interpolation. The constants in the Bernstein and Jackson type inequalities are expressed using the normalization factor.

The Laguerre transform is applied to the convolution product of functions of a real argument (over the time axis) with values in Hilbert spaces. The main results have been obtained by establishing a relationship between the Laguerre and Laplace transforms over the time variable with respect to the elements of Lebesgue weight spaces. This relationship is built using a special generating function. The obtained dependence makes it possible to extend the known properties of the Laplace transform to the case of the Laguerre transform. In particular, this approach concerns the transform of a convolution of functions. The Laguerre transform is determined by a system of Laguerre functions, which forms an orthonormal basis in the weighted Lebesgue space. The inverse Laguerre transform is constructed as a Laguerre series. It is proven that the direct and the inverse Laguerre transforms are mutually inverse operators that implement an isomorphism of square-integrable functions and infinite squares-summable sequences. The concept of a q-convolution in spaces of sequences is introduced as a discrete analogue of the convolution products of functions. Sufficient conditions for the existence of convolutions in the weighted Lebesgue spaces and in the corresponding spaces of sequences are investigated. For this purpose, analogues of Young’s inequality for such spaces are proven. The obtained results can be used to construct solutions of evolutionary problems and time-dependent boundary integral equations.

Interpolated scales of approximation spaces and appropriate Bernstein-Jackson inequalities, generated by Legendre differential operators, are considered. Inequalities are applied to spectral approximations of such operators.

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We investigate the problem of best approximations by exponential type entire vectors of a closed unbounded linear operator in the Banach space. Applying the abstract Besov-Lorentz-type spaces and the Bernstein-Jackson-type inequalities, a behavior of such approximations is described.

We establish analytical estimates of spectral approximations errors for strongly degenerate elliptic differential operators in the Lebesgue space $L_q(\Omega)$ on a bounded domain $\Omega$. Elliptic operators have coefficients with strong degeneration near boundary. Their spectrum consists of isolated eigenvalues of finite multiplicity and the linear span of the associated eigenvectors is dense in $L_q(\Omega)$. The received results are based on an appropriate generalization of Bernstein-Jackson inequalities with explicitly calculated constants for quasi-normalized Besov-type approximation spaces which are associated with the given elliptic operator. The approximation spaces are determined by the functional $E\left(t,u\right)$, which characterizes the shortest distance from an arbitrary function ${u\in L_q(\Omega)}$ to the closed linear span of spectral subspaces of the given operator, corresponding to the eigenvalues such that not larger than fixed ${t>0}$. Such linear span of spectral subspaces coincides with the subspace of entire analytic functions of exponential type not larger than ${t>0}$. The approximation functional $E\left(t,u\right)$ in our cases plays a similar role as the modulus of smoothness in the functions theory.