The unique 3D network-like cobalt oxide architecture was electrochemically deposited on nickel oxide nanoworms (NiONWs) with nickel foil (NF) substrate. After the anodic polarization of NF and its activation, a very thin film of NiO nanoworms with the average diameter of 30 nm and the length of 100 nm was successfully grown on anodized Ni foil (a-NF) by using a facile hydrothermal method under the mild conditions including a saturated alkaline solution of Ni 2+ at 65 ˚C to prepare a-NF/NiONWs. Then, 3D network-like Co3O4 nanosheets with the average thickness of 25 nm were directly electrodeposited on a-NF/NiONWs by using cyclic voltammetry under the optimized experimental conditions. The morphologies and detailed geometrical structures of the electrodes were conducted by FE-SEM. The fabricated a-NF/NiONWs/Co3O4 electrode provides a high areal specific capacitance of 1320 mF cm-2 at a current density of 4 mA cm-2 and high mass specific capacitance of 2000 F g-1 at the current density of 6 A g-1. By using a-NF/NiONWs/Co3O4 as a positive electrode and reduced graphene oxide-deposited NF (RGO/NF) as a negative electrode, a solid-state asymmetric a-NF/NiONWs/Co3O4//RGO/NF supercapacitor was assembled and it exhibited a high specific capacitance of 471.4 mF cm-2 at a current density of 3 mA cm-2. The fabricated solid-state supercapacitor also showed good rate capacity and long-term cycling performance of 2000 cycles.
In this study, diffused carbon in workpiece surface with Plasma Electrolysis Carburizing (PEC) treatment applied to harden SAE 1015 steel is investigated. The workpiece is connected cathodically to a high current DC power supply that applies high voltage and uses stainless steel as the anode. After water ionization with this voltage, a hydrogen film forms around the workpiece. This film acts as a thermal and electrical insulation layer which increases the electric resistance around the workpiece and makes it being heated. The surface of the workpiece is transformed to austenite and after the disconnection of the current, the workpiece is quenched in aqueous solution. By the aid of this method, the workpiece can be hardened to 1200HV or more. In this paper, the effect of time and solution concentration on the depth of diffused carbon was studied. The hardness of workpiece was measured and the variation of the diffusion depth versus time and solution concentration was investigated.
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