Biogeosciences and Forestry Biogeosciences and Forestry Dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) content in stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in central Europe Petra Bečvářová (1) , Marián Horváth (1) , Bořivoj Šarapatka (1) , Václav Zouhar (2) Norway spruce is the main forest tree species in the Czech Republic. Until now, little attention has been given in the literature to the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) content under Norway spruce stands as a function of stand characteristics. The aim of this study is to estimate soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stock changes in organic and surface mineral soil horizons on forest sites with a dominant representation of Norway spruce. In the study area, a significantly higher content of SOC was found in the surface mineral soil horizon than in the organic soil horizon. In both soil horizons, there was evidence of an increasing trend of SOC with the increasing age of forest stands, a decreasing trend of SOC with increasing density of stocking and an increasing trend of SOC with increasing altitude. The relationship of SOC content with soil group (Podzol vs. non-Podzol) has also been demonstrated. The greatest potential for long-term carbon sequestration in soils was shown in older stands (101-190 years) dominated by Norway spruce with lower density of stocking, located in forest vegetation zones (altitude range: 1010-1225 m a.s.l.) where natural mountain Norway spruce forests currently occur. According to our results, Norway spruce stands may perform a stable function of carbon sequestration in the soil at these sites, especially in the mineral soil horizon.
Aim of study: To determine the effects of stand characteristics, which closely relate to forest management practices, on the soil organic carbon (SOC) content in the organic (O) and surface mineral (A) soil horizons in spruce and deciduous stands, and to show SOC dynamics during the life of production stands. Area of study: Spruce and deciduous stands located throughout the Czech Republic. Material and methods: The effects of age, density of stocking and canopy of stand on SOC content in the O and A horizons, and the difference between categories of variables and the trends of SOC were evaluated in spruce and deciduous stands (401 plots) at lower and middle elevations. Main results: SOC content changed during the life of stands. In spruce stands, a decreasing trend of SOC with stand age was found in the A horizon. In deciduous stands, SOC content was higher overall in the A horizon, fluctuating slightly with stand age, but more balanced during the life of stands. Based on the results, in terms of management of dying spruce stands and carbon sequestration, felling should be carried out in the age group of 81-120 years in spruce stands, whereas in deciduous stands felling should take place in older stands (141 years and more). Density of stocking and canopy of stand had no substantial effect of SOC content. Research highlights: Deciduous stands have the potential to replace dying spruce stands at lower elevation in terms of carbon sequestration.
Biogeosciences and Forestry Biogeosciences and ForestryPotential relationships of selected abiotic variables, chemical elements and stand characteristics with soil organic carbon in spruce and beech stands Marián Horváth (1) , Petra Hanáková Bečvářová (1) , Bořivoj Šarapatka (1) , Ondřej Vencálek (2) , Václav Zouhar (3) Increasing attention is given to carbon sequestration in forest soil with regard to climate change and the mitigation of its impacts; therefore, it is very important to know which parameters and variables could influence carbon sequestration and throw light on their relationships. The aim of this study is to assess the role of abiotic variables, chemical elements and stand parameters in soil carbon sequestration, and clarify which of these could affect soil organic carbon (SOC) content in the surface mineral horizon in Norway spruce and European beech stands in the Czech Republic. We analyzed 81 monitoring plots within pure and mixed stands of spruce and beech with different degrees of forest naturalness. In each monitoring plot, SOC content, chemical elements (content of bound forms of oxides: tFe, tAl, tCa, tMg, tK, tMn, tP, tN) and related variables (BS, pH, C/N) were measured. The effect of these variables, including abiotic variables (elevation, temperature, precipitation, duration of growing season and soil group) on SOC content was tested, and differences between represented stands (natural vs. unnatural, pure vs. mixed, spruce vs. beech) were analyzed. The results showed that elevation has a positive relationship to SOC content. Of the studied chemical elements and related variables, only tN content was significantly related to SOC content. A positive relationship was also demonstrated between forest naturalness and SOC content. The highest SOC and tN contents were observed in pure natural Norway spruce stands, which likely play a very important role in SOC sequestration. In the context of the current issue of unnatural Norway spruce stands in the Czech Republic, a higher SOC content was found in mixed natural European beech stands than in either pure or mixed unnatural Norway spruce stands. Therefore, replacing the unnatural Norway spruce stands in the study area with mixed natural European beech stands could represent a viable alternative to current forest management in terms of soil carbon sequestration, especially in the context of global climate change and spruce dieback.
Climate change has increased attention paid in the research to forest soils and tree species composition, in respect to the potential for carbon sequestration. It is known that forest stands are able to store soil organic carbon (SOC), but little is known about the effect of forest naturalness on SOC content. This is important in relation of dying of unnatural spruce stands. It is necessary to determine a suitable composition of tree species which will replace them. This research is based on 248 plots with oak, beech, and spruce stands and mixtures of these species, with measured values of SOC. Our results show that autochthonous and mixed stands, in terms of tree species composition, in the study area had a higher SOC content than allochthonous and pure stands. In addition, it was found that autochthonous oak and beech stands, especially in mixtures, had a higher SOC content than allochthonous spruce stands (monocultures). On the basis of the presented results, it is possible to optimize the future tree species composition of stands in the study area, which currently have an allochthonous representation of spruce, to provide better function of carbon sequestration and resistance to climate change.
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