In this study, gaze movements of drivers driving through an intersection were investigated. Gaze movements of drivers in large vehicles were compared with those in small vehicles. There were both similarities and differences in the visual search behaviors of drivers of large and small vehicles. The two groups were similar in that, when approaching an intersection, drivers made repeated saccadic gaze movements; after entering the intersection, saccadic gaze movements were directed ahead in the direction of turning. Differences arose in the frequency and distribution of gaze movements. The number of gaze movements was significantly greater in drivers of large vehicles. The distribution of gaze movements in driving a large vehicle showed a peak at the point 50 to 60 degrees to the right and left of the median plane of the driver. The distribution of gaze movements of drivers of small vehicles showed no peak across the visual field.
This paper describes a high performance scalable massively parallel single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) processor and power/area efficient real-time image processing. The SIMD processor combines 4-bit processing elements (PEs) with SRAM on a small area and thus enables at the same time a high performance of 191 GOPS, a high power efficiency of 310 GOPS/W, and a high area efficiency of 31.6 GOPS/mm . The applied pipeline architecture is optimized to reduce the number of controller overhead cycles so that the SIMD parallel processing unit can be utilized during up to 99% of the operating time of typical application programs. The processor can be also optimized for low cost, low power, and high performance multimedia system-on-a-chip (SoC) solutions. A combination of custom and automated implementation techniques enables scalability in the number of PEs. The processor has two operating modes, a normal frequency (NF) mode for higher power efficiency and a double frequency (DF) mode for higher performance. The combination of high area efficiency, high power efficiency, high performance, and the flexibility of the SIMD processor described in this paper expands the application of real-time image processing technology to a variety of electronic devices.Index Terms-Image processor, power efficiency, area efficiency, SIMD, scalable architecture, fine grained processing element.
Abstract— The demand for projectors with high brightness and wide color gamut has been increasing; however, UHP lamp projectors cannot deliver those two qualities efficiently and simultaneously because of its color‐separation system. The newly developed projection system — “Color‐Tuning Projection System” — realizes the adaptive combination of high brightness and wide color gamut with one projector. This projector features a fourth liquid‐crystal panel — “Color Tuner” — with a 3LCD optical engine, which controls yellow light separately from the RGB light of a UHP lamp. This color‐tuner‐based optical engine — “Color‐Tuning Optical Engine” — and a new color‐conversion signal‐processing algorithm — “Adaptive Color Conversion Algorithm” — controls the yellow‐light volume and corrects color‐shifted pixels according to the brightness and chromaticity analysis of the input image, key technologies of the Color‐Tuning Projection System. This additional panel system enables the projector to ach ieve up to 115% higher brightness and 120% wider color gamut according to the input image. This paper presents an innovative design concept, a novel technology regarding brightness and a color‐gamut conversion projection system, and the characteristics of the prototype.
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