review the design and construction of the detector and of its related infrastructures, and report on some technical performances of the various components. The construction of the detector started in 2003 and it was completed in Summer 2008. The experiment is presently in the data taking phase. The whole sequence of operations has proven to be successful, from triggering to brick selection, development, scanning and event analysis.

After completion of the data taking for the v(mu) -> v(tau) oscillation search, the CHORUS lead-scintillator calorimeter was used in the 1998 run as an active target. High-statistics samples of charged-current interactions were collected in the CERN SPS west area neutrino beam. This beam contained predominantly muon (anti-)neutrinos from sign-selected pious and kaons. We measure the flux and energy spectrum of the incident neutrinos and compare them with beam simulations. The neutrino-nucleon and anti-neutrino-nucleon differential cross-sections are measured in the range 0.01 < x < 0.7, 0.05 < y < 0.95, 10 < E-v < 200 GeV. We extract the neutrino-nucleon structure functions F-2(x, Q(2)), xF(3) (x, Q(2)), and R(x, Q2) and compare these with results from other experiments. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The nuclear emulsion target of the CHORUS detector was exposed to the wide-band neutrino beam of the CERN SPS of 27 GeV average neutrino energy from 1994 to 1997. In total about 100000 charged-current neutrino interactions with at least one identified muon were located in the emulsion target and fully reconstructed, using newly developed automated scanning systems. Charmed particles were searched for by a program recognizing particle decays. The observation of the decay in nuclear emulsion makes it possible to select a sample with very low background and minimal kinematical bias. 2013 charged-current interactions with a charmed hadron candidate in the final state were selected and confirmed through visual inspection. The charm production rate induced by neutrinos relative to the charged-current cross-section is measured to be σ(ν µ N → µ − CX)/σ(CC) = (5.75 ± 0.32(stat) ± 0.30(syst))%. The charm production cross-section as a function of the neutrino energy is also obtained. The results are in good agreement with previous measurements. The charm-quark hadronization produces the following charmed hadrons with relative fractions (in %): f D 0 = 43.7 ± 4.5, f Λ + c = 19.2 ± 4.2, f D + = 25.3 ± 4.2, and f D + s = 11.8 ± 4.7.

The final oscillation analysis of the complete set of data collected by CHORUS in the years 1994-1997 is presented. Reconstruction algorithms of data extracted by electronic detectors were improved and the data recorded in the emulsion target were analysed by new automated scanning systems, allowing the use of a new method for event reconstruction in emulsion. CHORUS has applied these new techniques to the sample of 1996-1997 events for which no muons were observed in the electronic detectors. Combining the new sample with the data analysed in previous papers, the overall sensitivity of the experiment to the ν τ appearance is thus improved. In a two-neutrino mixing scheme, a 90% C.L. upper limit of sin 2 2θ µτ < 4.4 × 10 −4 is set for large ∆m 2 , improving by a factor 1.5 the previously published CHORUS result.3

No abstract

Because of several orders of magnitude difference between the stiffness of aggregate and binder and the randomness of the binder domain boundaries, the induced deformation under loading can result in a wide distribution of stresses and strains within each of the components. It is expected that although aggregates undergo small strains, most of the strain will accumulate within the binder. Although studies have covered the micromechanics of hot-mix asphalt (HMA), information about the actual typical distribution of asphalt binder domains in HMA and the resulting distribution of stresses and strains is scarce. In this study, advances in imaging techniques are applied to understand the distribution of binder and air voids in selected HMAs. The objective is to determine the strain distribution within the binder using digitized images analyzed with finite-element procedures. This approach captures the image of the specimen cross section and converts the image into finite-element mesh after image processing. The images are converted to finite-element mesh and the finite-element program ABAQUS provides numerical solutions to relate bulk stresses or strains applied to the asphalt mixture to stresses and strains within the binder domains. The results are presented including a summary of the distribution of directional binder film thickness and maximum strains in the mastic domain. Also included is a discussion of the effect of air voids and mineral fillers.

We present a leading order QCD analysis of a sample of neutrino induced charged-current events with two muons in the final state originating in the lead-scintillating fibre calorimeter of the CHORUS detector. The results are based on a sample of 8910 neutrino and 430 antineutrino induced opposite-sign dimuon events collected during the exposure of the detector to the CERN Wide Band Neutrino Beam between 1995 and 1998. The analysis yields a value of the charm quark mass of m(c) = (1.26 +/- 0.16 +/- 0.09) GeV/c(2) and a value of the ratio of the strange to non-strange sea in the nucleon Of K = 0.33 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.05, improving the results obtained in similar analyses by previous experiments. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The OPERA detector at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS) was used to measure the atmospheric muon charge ratio R μ = N μ + /N μ − in the TeV energy region. We analyzed 403069 atmospheric muons corresponding to 113.4 days of livetime during the 2008 CNGS run. We computed separately the muon charge ratio for single and for multiple muon events in order to select different energy regions of the primary cosmic ray spectrum and to test the R μ dependence on the primary composition. The measured R μ values were corrected taking into account the charge-misidentification errors. Data have also been grouped in five bins of the "vertical surface energy" E μ cos θ . A fit to a simplified model of muon production in the atmosphere allowed the determination of the pion and kaon charge ratios weighted by the cosmic ray energy spectrum.