Low-density deposits of KCl showing stable secondary electron gains of 30 to 60 in transmission have been prepared by evaporation in an argon atmosphere. The layers have a fast response, high resistivity, and long life under primary electron bombardment. Measurements of their electrical properties suggest that the emission current consists entirely of true secondary electrons and no avalanche multiplication processes occur in the region of stable operation. Practical application of these layers as dynodes in electron multipliers and image intensifiers and as targets in camera tubes is discussed in some detail.
A novel coaxial form of optical coupler has been constructed in which 95% intensity modulation was achieved, using a liquid crystal mixture as the electro-optic medium. The behavior of this coupler with varying temperature and applied voltage has been elucidated by comparison with the behavior of the same coupler when the liquid crystal was replaced by a silicone oil whose refractive index could be reproducibly and controllably varied.
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